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Hawker Typhoon

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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:03

Also incorporated into the inner wings was an undercarriage with a track of 13 ft 6¾ in.

Although the Typhoon was expected achieve 460 mph (740 km/h) in level flight, at just over 400 mph (644 km/h)
the thick wings created a large drag rise and prevented higher speeds.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

Tests revealed that the Typhoon was capable of 410 mph at 20,000 feet although the climb rate and performance above that level was considered disappointing.

If the Typhoon was dived at speeds of over 500 mph (805 km/h) the drag rise led to buffeting and trim changes.

The problems with compressibility led to Camm designing thinner wings with a laminar flow section, leading to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as a follow on to the Typhoon.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:03

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:05

The first flight of the first Typhoon prototype, P5212, made by Hawker's Chief test Pilot [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], was delayed until 24 February 1940 because of the problems with the development of the Sabre engine.

On 9 May 1940 the prototype suffered from a mid-air structural failure, at the join between the forward fuselage and rear fuselage, just behind the pilot's seat.

Philip Lucas could see daylight through the split but, instead of baling out, he was able to land the stricken Typhoon and was later awarded the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

On 15 May the Minister of Aircraft Production, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], ordered that resources should be concentrated on the production of five main aircraft types (Spitfire, Hurricane, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]).

As a result development of the Typhoon was slowed, production plans were postponed and test flying continued at a reduced rate.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:05

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:06

A second prototype, P5216 first flew on 3 May 1941.

In the meantime the Air Ministry had given Hawker an instruction to proceed with the construction of 1,000 of the new fighters.

It was felt that the Vulture engine was more promising so the order covered 500 Tornadoes, 250 Typhoons with the balance to be decided once the two had been compared.

It was also decided that because Hawker was dealing with increasing Hurricane production the Tornado would be built by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] while [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] would build the Typhoons at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

As a result of good progress by Gloster the first production Typhoon R7576 was first flown on 27 May 1941 by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], just over three weeks after the second prototype.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:07

RNZAF :

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:08

Summary of Technical Changes


As was usual with front line Second World War RAF aircraft the Typhoon was modified and updated regularly, so that a 1945 production example looked quite different from one built in 1942.

In the last months of the war a number of older aircraft were taken out of storage and overhauled sometimes seeing active service for the first time; for example R7771 was from one of the first production batches, built in 1942 with the
car-door canopy and other early production features.

This Typhoon was delivered to, and served on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1942.

In February 1945 R7771 was listed as being in front line service on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]; by then it was fitted with a clear-view
"bubble" hood, rocket rails and other late series features.
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Hawker Typhoon - Page 2 Empty Re: Hawker Typhoon

Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:08

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:10

The Typhoon was first produced with forward opening side doors (complete with wind-down windows), with a transparent "roof" hinged to open to the left.

The first 162 Typhoons featured a built up metal skinned fairing behind the pilot's armoured headrest; the mast for the radio aerial protruded through the fairing.

From mid to late 1941 the solid metal aft canopy fairing was replaced with a transparent structure
(later nicknamed "The Coffin Hood"),
the pilot's head armour plate was modified to a triangular shape and the side cut-outs were fitted with armour-glass;
the first production Typhoon to be fitted with this new structure was R7803.


All earlier aircraft were quickly withdrawn and modified.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:12

Les images qui ne sont pas du domaine publique viennent de Wikimedia avec cession de droits, autorisation de reproduction :

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:14

The first problem encountered with the Typhoon after its entry into service was the seepage of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] fumes into the cockpit.

In an attempt to alleviate this longer exhaust stubs were fitted in November 1941 ("Mod [modification] 239") and, at about the same time the port (left) cockpit doors were sealed.

The Pilot's Notes for the Typhoon recommended that "Unless Mod. No. 239 has been embodied it is most important that oxygen be used at all times as a precaution against carbon-monoxide poisoning."

In fact the problem was never entirely solved and the standard procedure throughout the war was for Typhoon
pilots to use oxygen from engine start-up to engine shut-down.

Another problem associated with the cockpit was the high cockpit temperatures being experienced by the pilots;
eventually an air-ventilation tube was added, which helped alleviate the problem.

In addition two small, rear opening vents were added below the port side radio hatch, just below the canopy, although these were later removed.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:14

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:15

P5212 carried an armament of 12 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (7.7 mm) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], set in groups of six in each outer wing panel.

This was the armament fitted to the first 110 Typhoons, known as the Typhoon IA.

P5216
carried an armament of four belt-fed 20 mm (.79 in) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] cannon, each with 140 rounds per gun; this version was the Typhoon IB.

Later in 1943, after experiments by[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], removable fairings were fitted to the cannon barrels as standard.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:16

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:17

Early tail failures


One of the worst problems afflicting Typhoons was the loss of the entire tail sections of some early aircraft;
this occurred mainly during high-speed dives.

It was eventually determined to be caused by a combination of factors, including [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which could lead to early metal fatigue, and a weak transport join just forward of the horizontal tail unit.

Several modifications were made to alleviate these fuselage failures; Initially a steel strap was fitted internally across the rear fuselage [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in September 1942.

This was a temporary measure, superseded by Mod 286 (modification number 286).

For Mod 286 20 alloy "fishplates" were riveted externally across the rear fuselage transport joint; internally some of the rear fuselage frames were strengthened.

This was a permanent measure designed to stop in-flight rear fuselage structural failures.

From December 1942 through to March 1943 all Typhoons without this modification were taken out of service and modified.

This was introduced on the production line from the 820th production aircraft EJ902.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:18

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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:18

Another modification made to the tail unit was the replacement of the external [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by an internal mass balance weight on a slightly redesigned rudder; this was fitted from mid-1942.

Suspicion then fell on the internal [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and modified versions of these were fitted from May 1943 on.

This was also designed to alleviate rear fuselage failure due to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] failure of the bracket holding the weight assembly.

Finally this entire unit was completely replaced with a redesigned assembly from August 1944.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:19

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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:20

Although these modifications reduced the numbers of Typhoons being lost due to tail assembly failure,
there were still some tail failures right up to the end of the Typhoon's operational life,
which cost at least 25 aircraft and the lives of 23 pilots.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:20

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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:21

Long-range fighter and Fighter-bomber


From early 1943 the wings were plumbed and adapted to carry cylindrical 45-gallon drop tanks, increasing the Typhoon's range from 690 miles (911 km) to up to 1,090 miles (1,754 km).

This enabled Typhoons to range deep into France, the Netherlands and Belgium.

Some units, such as 609 Squadron and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], were able to achieve notable success in both air combat and ground attack operations using these long-range Typhoons.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:22

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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:23

As production was continued the Typhoon's role changed from a low-level interceptor fighter to a fighter bomber;
bomb racks capable of carrying 500 lb (227 kg) bombs were being fitted to the wings from October 1942.

These were first used operationally by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

By mid-1943, all Typhoons off the production line were capable of carrying bombs. Bigger, solid rubber, grooved
"anti-shimmy" tail wheel tyres were introduced in March 1943 on all Typhoons from the 1,001st production aircraft EK238.

The new tyres helped to make heavier, bomb-laden Typhoons more manageable during ground manoeuvres.

With the introduction of the bomb racks small extensions were added to the cannon shell case ejector slots.

These allowed the casings to clear bombs or drop tanks suspended from the wing racks.
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:23

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
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Message par Domlike Mar 09 Mar 2010, 09:25

Also associated with the fitting of bombs was the introduction of reinforced main wheels.

On these the openings were smaller than those on the earlier wheels and the "spokes" were flatter and thicker.

Bigger brake discs were also fitted; at first this only applied to "Bombphoons"; eventually all Typhoons used these brakes.

After tests conducted in 1943 it was determined that the Typhoon was capable of carrying a 1,000 lb (454 kg) bomb under each wing.

With the increased load it was decided that the extra take off performance conferred by a four bladed propeller was an advantage; this led to the adoption of a four-blade propeller unit (de Havilland or [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) from early 1944.

In turn, the larger tail planes of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were fitted from June 1944 on; these improved the handling characteristics of the Typhoon when carrying 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs.

Originally they were only used on "Bombphoons". Starting in the MN production series all Typhoons had the larger tail unit.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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