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McDonnell Douglas MD-80

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Message par JLB_2 Mer 10 Avr 2013, 11:28

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Message par JLB_2 Mer 10 Avr 2013, 11:35

Variants

MD-81


The MD-81 (or as it was originally known the DC-9 Super 81 or DC-9-81) was the first production model of the MD-80, and apart from the MD-87, the differences between the various long body MD-80 variants is relatively minor.

The four long body models (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) only differ from each other in having different engine variants, fuel capacities, and weights.

The MD-88 and later build versions of the other models have more up-to-date flight decks featuring for example EFIS.


Dimensions: The basic "long body" MD-80 versions (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) have an overall length of 147 feet 10 inches (45.06 m), and a fuselage length of 136 feet 5 inches (41.58 m) that is 4.62 m longer than the DC-9-50 and 13.51 m longer than the initial DC-9, the Series 10.

Wingspan was also increased by 4.4 m in comparison with earlier DC-9s at 107 feet 10.2 inches (32.873 m).

The aircraft's passenger cabin, from cockpit door to aft bulkhead, is 101 feet 0 inches (30.78 m) long and, as with all versions of the DC-9, has a maximum cabin width (trim-to-trim) of 123.7 inches (3.14 m).

Powerplant: The initial production version of the MD-80 was the Pratt and Whitney JT8D-209 18,500 lbf (82 kN) thrust powered MD-81.

Later build MD-81s have been delivered with more powerful JT8D-217 and -219 engines.


APU: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with an AlliedSignal (Garrett) GTCP85-98D APU as standard which is located in the aft fuselage.


Performance: Standard MTOW on the MD-81 is 140,000 lb (64,000 kg) with the option to increase to 142,000 lb (64,000 kg). Fuel capacity is 5,840 US gallons (22,100 L), and typical range, with 155 passengers, is 1,565 nmi.


Flight Deck: The MD-80 is equipped with a two crew flightdeck similar to that on the DC-9 from which it evolved.

Later models could be equipped to a higher specification with EFIS displays in place of the traditional analogue instruments, TCAS, windshear detection, etc. An EFIS retrofit to non-EFIS equipped aircraft is possible.


Cabin: Typical passenger cabin seating arrangements include:

A mixed class, with aft full service galley, configuration for a total of 135 passengers with 12 first class, four-abreast 36 in seat pitch.

123 economy class passengers, five-abreast, 32 in pitch.

All economy layout for 155 passengers, five-abreast, 32 in and 33 in pitch.
A typical high density layout is for 167 one class (ie Airtours).


Undercarriage: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with a tricycle undercarriage, featuring a twin nose unit with spray deflector and twin main units with rock deflectors. The MD-80T, developed for the Chinese, differs in that the main units are each fitted with a four wheel double main bogey undercarriage to reduce pavement loading.


Aerodynamic Improvements: From mid-1987 new MD-87-style low drag "beaver" tail cones were introduced on all Series of MD-80s reducing drag and hence improving fuel burn. It would seem that some operators have been modifying the old DC-9-style cones on earlier build MD-80s to the new low drag style. SAS is one airline that has done this, citing both the improved economics as well as cosmetic improvement for the modification.
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Message par JLB_2 Mer 10 Avr 2013, 11:36

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Message par JLB_2 Mer 10 Avr 2013, 11:37

MD-81 timeline

Formal launch: October 1977.

First flight: October 18, 1979.

FAA certification: August 25, 1980.

First delivery: September 13, 1980 to Swissair

Entry into service: October 10, 1980 with Swissair on a flight from Zurich to Heathrow.

Last delivery: June 24, 1994 to JAL Domestic
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Message par JLB_2 Mer 10 Avr 2013, 15:25

MD-82


Announced on April 16, 1979, the MD-82 (DC-9-82) was a new MD-80 variant dimensionally similar to the MD-81 but equipped with more powerful engines.

The MD-82 was intended for operation from 'hot and high' airports but also offered greater payload/range when in use at 'standard' airfields. American Airlines is the worlds largest operator of the MD-82, with at one point over 300 MD-82s in the fleet.


Originally certificated with 20,000 lbf (89 kN) thrust JT8D-217s, a -217A powered MD-82 was certificated in mid-1982 and became available that year.

The new version featured a higher MTOW (149,500 lb (67,800 kg)), while the JT8D-217As had a guaranteed take-off thrust at temperature of up to 29 degrees C or 5,000 ft (1,500 m) altitude.

The JT8D-217C engines were also offered on the MD-82 giving improved sfc. Several operators took delivery of the -219-powered MD-82s, while Balair ordered its MD-82s powered by the lower thrust -209 engine.


The MD-82 features an increased standard MTOW initially to 147,000 lb (67,000 kg), and this was later increased to 149,500 lb (67,800 kg). Standard fuel capacity is the same as the MD-81, 5,840 US gal (22,100 l), and typical range with 155 passengers is 2,050 nautical miles (3,800 km).
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MD-82 timeline


Announced/go-ahead: April 16, 1979.

First flight: January 8, 1981.

FAA certification: July 29, 1981.

First delivery: August 5, 1981 to Republic Airlines.

Entry into service: August, 1981 with Republic Airlines.

Last delivery: November 17, 1997 to U-Land Airlines of Taiwan.

The MD-82 was assembled under licence in Shanghai by the Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation (SAIC) since November 1986; the sub-assemblies were delivered by McDonnell Douglas in kit form.

China had begun a pure cargo version design, designated as Y-13, but the project was subsequently cancelled with the conclusion of the license assembly of MD-82/90 in China.
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MD-83


The MD-83 (DC-9-83) is a longer range version of the basic MD-81/82 with higher weights, more powerful engines, and increased fuel capacity.

Powerplant: Compared to earlier models, the MD-83 is equipped with slightly more powerful 21,000 lbf (93 kN) thrust Pratt and Whitney JT8D-219s as standard.


Performance: The MD-83 features increased fuel capacity as standard (to 6,970 US gal (26,400 l)) which is carried in two 565 US gal (2,140 l) auxiliary tanks located fore and aft of the centre section.

The aircraft also has higher operating weights, with MTOW increased to 160,000 lb (73,000 kg) and MLW to 139,500 lb (63,300 kg).

Typical range for the MD-83 with 155 passengers is around 2,504 nautical miles (4,637 km).

To cope with the higher operating weights, the MD-83 incorporates strengthened landing gear including new wheels, tires and brakes, changes to the wing skins, front spar web and elevator spar cap and strengthened floor beams and panels to carry the auxiliary fuel tanks.

From MD-80 line number 1194, an MD-81 delivered in September 1985, it is understood that all MD-80s have the same basic wing structure and in theory could be converted to MD-83 standard.
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