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Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 12:49
Sunderland Mark IV
Main article: [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
The Sunderland Mark IV was an outgrowth of the 1942 Air Ministry Specification R.8/42, for a generally improved Sunderland with more powerful [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines, better defensive armament and other enhancements.
The new Sunderland was intended for service in the Pacific.
Although initially developed and two prototypes built as the "Sunderland Mark IV" it was different enough from the
Sunderland line to be given a different name, the S.45 "Seaford".
Relative to the Mark III, the Mark IV had a stronger wing, larger tailplanes and a longer fuselage with some changes in form for better performance in the water.
The armament was heavier with .50 inch (12.7 mm) machine guns and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The changes were so substantial that the new aircraft was redesignated the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Thirty production examples were ordered; the first delivered too late to see combat and only eight production
Seafords were completed and never got beyond operational trials with the RAF.
Main article: [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
The Sunderland Mark IV was an outgrowth of the 1942 Air Ministry Specification R.8/42, for a generally improved Sunderland with more powerful [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines, better defensive armament and other enhancements.
The new Sunderland was intended for service in the Pacific.
Although initially developed and two prototypes built as the "Sunderland Mark IV" it was different enough from the
Sunderland line to be given a different name, the S.45 "Seaford".
Relative to the Mark III, the Mark IV had a stronger wing, larger tailplanes and a longer fuselage with some changes in form for better performance in the water.
The armament was heavier with .50 inch (12.7 mm) machine guns and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The changes were so substantial that the new aircraft was redesignated the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Thirty production examples were ordered; the first delivered too late to see combat and only eight production
Seafords were completed and never got beyond operational trials with the RAF.
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 12:55
Sunderland Mark V
The next production version was the Sunderland Mark V, which evolved out of crew concerns over the lack of power of the Pegasus engines.
The weight creep (partly due to the addition of radar) that afflicted the Sunderland had resulted in running the Pegasus engines at combat power as a normal procedure and the overburdened engines had to be replaced regularly.
Australian Sunderland crews suggested that the Pegasus engines be replaced by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]‑90B Twin Wasp engines.
The 14-cylinder engines provided 1,200 hp (895 kW) each and were already in use on RAF [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and so logistics and maintenance were straightforward.
Two Mark IIIs were taken off the production lines in early 1944 and fitted with the American engines.
Trials were conducted in early 1944 and the conversion proved all that was expected.
The new engines with new propellors provided greater performance with no real penalty in range.
In particular, a Twin Wasp Sunderland could stay airborne if two engines were knocked out on the same wing while, in similar circumstances, a standard Mark III would steadily lose altitude.
Production was switched to the Twin Wasp version and the first Mark V reached operational units in February 1945.
Defensive armament fits were similar to those of the Mark III, but the Mark V was equipped with new centimetric ASV Mark VI C radar that had been used on some of the last production Mark IIIs as well.
One hundred and fifty-five Sunderland Mark Vs were built and another 33 Mark IIIs were converted to Mark V specification.
With the end of the war, large contracts for the Sunderland were cancelled and the last of these great flying boats was delivered in June 1946, with a total production of 749 aircraft.
The next production version was the Sunderland Mark V, which evolved out of crew concerns over the lack of power of the Pegasus engines.
The weight creep (partly due to the addition of radar) that afflicted the Sunderland had resulted in running the Pegasus engines at combat power as a normal procedure and the overburdened engines had to be replaced regularly.
Australian Sunderland crews suggested that the Pegasus engines be replaced by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]‑90B Twin Wasp engines.
The 14-cylinder engines provided 1,200 hp (895 kW) each and were already in use on RAF [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and so logistics and maintenance were straightforward.
Two Mark IIIs were taken off the production lines in early 1944 and fitted with the American engines.
Trials were conducted in early 1944 and the conversion proved all that was expected.
The new engines with new propellors provided greater performance with no real penalty in range.
In particular, a Twin Wasp Sunderland could stay airborne if two engines were knocked out on the same wing while, in similar circumstances, a standard Mark III would steadily lose altitude.
Production was switched to the Twin Wasp version and the first Mark V reached operational units in February 1945.
Defensive armament fits were similar to those of the Mark III, but the Mark V was equipped with new centimetric ASV Mark VI C radar that had been used on some of the last production Mark IIIs as well.
One hundred and fifty-five Sunderland Mark Vs were built and another 33 Mark IIIs were converted to Mark V specification.
With the end of the war, large contracts for the Sunderland were cancelled and the last of these great flying boats was delivered in June 1946, with a total production of 749 aircraft.
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 12:58
Transport variants
In late 1942, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (BOAC) obtained six Sunderland Mark IIIs and modified them for service as mail carriers to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], with primitive accommodation for seven passengers.
Armament was removed, the gun positions being faired over, and simple seating fitted in place of the bunks.
As such they were operated by BOAC and the RAF jointly from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Minor modifications to the engine angles and flight angle resulted in a significant increase in the cruise speed, which was a relatively unimportant issue for the combat Sunderlands.
In late 1944 the Royal New Zealand Air Force acquired four new Sunderland MkIIIs already configured for transport duties.
In the immediate postwar period, these were used by New Zealand's [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to link South Pacific Islands in the "Coral Route" before [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] took over after 1947.
BOAC obtained more Mark IIIs and gradually came up with better accommodation for 24 passengers, including sleeping berths for 16.
These conversions were given the name Hythe and BOAC operated 29 of them by the end of the war.
In February 1946 the first of these, G-AGJM, made a 35,313 mile route survey from Poole to Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo in 206 flying hours.
It was the first British civil flying boat to visit China and Japan.
A more polished civilian conversion of the Sunderland was completed by the manufacturer as the postwar [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The Sandringham Mk. I used Pegasus engines while the Mk. II used Twin Wasp engines.
In late 1942, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (BOAC) obtained six Sunderland Mark IIIs and modified them for service as mail carriers to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], with primitive accommodation for seven passengers.
Armament was removed, the gun positions being faired over, and simple seating fitted in place of the bunks.
As such they were operated by BOAC and the RAF jointly from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Minor modifications to the engine angles and flight angle resulted in a significant increase in the cruise speed, which was a relatively unimportant issue for the combat Sunderlands.
In late 1944 the Royal New Zealand Air Force acquired four new Sunderland MkIIIs already configured for transport duties.
In the immediate postwar period, these were used by New Zealand's [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to link South Pacific Islands in the "Coral Route" before [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] took over after 1947.
BOAC obtained more Mark IIIs and gradually came up with better accommodation for 24 passengers, including sleeping berths for 16.
These conversions were given the name Hythe and BOAC operated 29 of them by the end of the war.
In February 1946 the first of these, G-AGJM, made a 35,313 mile route survey from Poole to Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo in 206 flying hours.
It was the first British civil flying boat to visit China and Japan.
A more polished civilian conversion of the Sunderland was completed by the manufacturer as the postwar [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The Sandringham Mk. I used Pegasus engines while the Mk. II used Twin Wasp engines.
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 13:00
Specifications (Sunderland III)
Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
General characteristics
Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
General characteristics
- Crew : 8—11 (two pilots, radio operator, navigator, engineer, bomb-aimer, three to five gunners)
- Length : 85 ft 4 in (26.0 m)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 112 ft 9½ in (34.39 m)
- Height : 32 ft 10½ in (10 m)
- Wing area : 1,487 ft² (138 m²)
- Empty weight : 34,500 lb (15,663 kg)
- Loaded weight : 58,000 lb (26,332 kg)
- Powerplant : 4× [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] XVIII nine-cylinder [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], 1,065 hp (794 kW) each
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 13:04
Performance
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 210 mph (336 km/h) at 6,500 ft (2,000 m)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 178 mph (285 km/h) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 78 mph (125 km/h)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 1,780 mi (2,848 km)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 16,000 ft (4,880 m)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 720 ft/min (3.67 m/s)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 39 lb/ft² (191 kg/m²)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: .018 hp/lb (.030 kW/kg)
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 13:07
Armament
Bombs: various defensive and offensive munitions, including bombs, mines and depth charges carried internally
and, some, winched out beneath the wings. Manually launched flares, sea markers and smoke-floats.
- Guns:
- 16× [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
- 2× [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (12.7 mm) machine gun
and, some, winched out beneath the wings. Manually launched flares, sea markers and smoke-floats.
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 13:09
Bibliography
- Barnes C.H. and Derek N. James. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London:
Putnam, 1989. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. - Bridgman, Leonard, ed. "The Short S-25 Sunderland." Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
- Butler, Tony, AMRAeS. Short Sunderland (Warpaint Series No. 25). Milton Keynes, UK: Hall Park Books Ltd., 2000.
- Eden, Paul, ed. The Encyclopedia of Aircraft of WW II. Leicester,
UK: Silverdale Books/Bookmart Ltd, 2004. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. - Evans, John. The Sunderland Flying-boat Queen, Volume I. Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire: Paterchurch
Publications, 1987. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. - Evans, John. The Sunderland Flying-boat Queen, Volume II. Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire:
Paterchurch Publications, 1993. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. - Evans, John. The Sunderland Flying-boat Queen, Volume III. Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire:
Paterchurch Publications, 2004. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Yank2- CLUB
- Messages : 584
Re: Short S.25 & 26 Sunderland
par Yank2 Lun 01 Mar 2010, 13:12
- Grant, Mark. Australian Airpower 1914 to 1945. Marrickville, NSW: Topmill P/L, 1996. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
- Johnson, Brian. The Secret War. London: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 1978. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
- Kightly, James. "Sunderland Survivors." Aeroplane, February 2009.
- Nicolaou, Stephane. Flying Boats & Seaplanes: A History from 1905. New York: Zenith Imprint, 1998.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. - Short Sunderland (AP1566). (Suffixes A through E for Mk I through V, -PN and Vols 1 through 4 for Pilots Notes, General Description, Maintenance, Overhaul and Parts Manuals). London: RAF (Air Publication), 1945.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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