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aeronewsline :: Accueil :: Histoire :: Aéronefs 1940 à 1944
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Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 08:59
Trans World Airlines opened post-war commercial intercontinental air service on February 6, 1946, with a New York-Paris flight in a Constellation.
On June 17, 1947, Pan American World Airways opened the first ever regularly-scheduled around-the-world service with their L749 Clipper America.
The famous flight Pan Am 1 operated for nearly 40 years.
On June 17, 1947, Pan American World Airways opened the first ever regularly-scheduled around-the-world service with their L749 Clipper America.
The famous flight Pan Am 1 operated for nearly 40 years.
Ugant- CLUB
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Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:02
As the first pressurized airliner in widespread use, the Constellation helped to usher in affordable and comfortable air travel.
Operators of Constellations included TWA, Eastern Air Lines, Pan American World Airways, Air France, BOAC, KLM, Qantas, Lufthansa, Iberia Airlines, Panair do Brasil, TAP Portugal, Trans-Canada Airlines (later renamed Air Canada), Aer Lingus and VARIG.
Operators of Constellations included TWA, Eastern Air Lines, Pan American World Airways, Air France, BOAC, KLM, Qantas, Lufthansa, Iberia Airlines, Panair do Brasil, TAP Portugal, Trans-Canada Airlines (later renamed Air Canada), Aer Lingus and VARIG.
Ugant- CLUB
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Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:03
Initial difficulties
The Constellation airliner had three accidents in the first ten months of service, temporarily curtailing its career as a passenger airliner.
On June 18, 1946, the engine of a Pan American aircraft caught fire and fell off.
The flight crew made an emergency landing with no loss of life. However, on July 11, a Transcontinental and Western Air aircraft fell victim to an in-flight fire, crashing in a field and taking the lives of five of the six on board.
The Constellation airliner had three accidents in the first ten months of service, temporarily curtailing its career as a passenger airliner.
On June 18, 1946, the engine of a Pan American aircraft caught fire and fell off.
The flight crew made an emergency landing with no loss of life. However, on July 11, a Transcontinental and Western Air aircraft fell victim to an in-flight fire, crashing in a field and taking the lives of five of the six on board.
Ugant- CLUB
- Messages : 3213
Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:20
The accidents prompted the suspension of the Constellation's airworthiness certificate until Lockheed could modify the design.
This was dramatized in the motion picture The Aviator (2004) during the scene where Howard Hughes (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) surveys numerous grounded TWA Constellations.
The Constellation proved prone to engine failures (due to her R3350s), earning the nickname "World's Finest Trimotor" in some circles.
This was dramatized in the motion picture The Aviator (2004) during the scene where Howard Hughes (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) surveys numerous grounded TWA Constellations.
The Constellation proved prone to engine failures (due to her R3350s), earning the nickname "World's Finest Trimotor" in some circles.
Ugant- CLUB
- Messages : 3213
Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:21
Records
Sleek and powerful, Constellations set a number of records.
On April 17, 1944, the second production L049, piloted by Howard Hughes and TWA president Jack Frye, flew from Burbank, California to Washington, D.C. in 6 hours and 57 minutes (c. 2,300 mi/3,701 km at an average 330.9 mph/532.5 km/h).
On the return trip, the aircraft stopped at Wright Field to give Orville Wright his last flight, more than 40 years after his historic first flight. He commented that the Constellation's wingspan was longer than the distance of his first flight.
Sleek and powerful, Constellations set a number of records.
On April 17, 1944, the second production L049, piloted by Howard Hughes and TWA president Jack Frye, flew from Burbank, California to Washington, D.C. in 6 hours and 57 minutes (c. 2,300 mi/3,701 km at an average 330.9 mph/532.5 km/h).
On the return trip, the aircraft stopped at Wright Field to give Orville Wright his last flight, more than 40 years after his historic first flight. He commented that the Constellation's wingspan was longer than the distance of his first flight.
Ugant- CLUB
- Messages : 3213
Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:23
On September 29, 1957, an L1649A Starliner flew from Los Angeles to London in 18 hours and 32 minutes (approximately 5,420 mi/8,723 km at 292.4 mph/470.6 km/h).
The L1649A holds the record for the longest-duration non-stop passenger flight — during TWA's inaugural London to San Francisco flight on October 1–2, 1957, the aircraft stayed aloft for 23 hours and 19 minutes (approximately 5,350 mi/8,610 km at 229.4 mph/369.2 km/h)
The L1649A holds the record for the longest-duration non-stop passenger flight — during TWA's inaugural London to San Francisco flight on October 1–2, 1957, the aircraft stayed aloft for 23 hours and 19 minutes (approximately 5,350 mi/8,610 km at 229.4 mph/369.2 km/h)
Ugant- CLUB
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Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:25
Obsolescence
The advent of jet airliners, with the de Havilland Comet, Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8 and Convair 880, rendered the piston-engined Constellation obsolete.
The first routes lost to jets were the long overseas routes, but Constellations continued to fly domestic routes.
The last scheduled passenger flight was made by a TWA L749 on May 11, 1967 from Philadelphia to Kansas City, MO.
However, Constellations remained in freight service for years to come, and were used on backup sections of Eastern Airlines' shuttle service between New York, Washington, and Boston until 1968.
The advent of jet airliners, with the de Havilland Comet, Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8 and Convair 880, rendered the piston-engined Constellation obsolete.
The first routes lost to jets were the long overseas routes, but Constellations continued to fly domestic routes.
The last scheduled passenger flight was made by a TWA L749 on May 11, 1967 from Philadelphia to Kansas City, MO.
However, Constellations remained in freight service for years to come, and were used on backup sections of Eastern Airlines' shuttle service between New York, Washington, and Boston until 1968.
Ugant- CLUB
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Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:47
One of the reasons for the elegant appearance of the aircraft was the fuselage shape - a continuously variable profile with no two bulkheads the same shape.
Unfortunately, this construction is very expensive and was replaced by the mostly tube-shape of modern airliners.
The tube is more resistant to pressurization changes and cheaper to build.
Unfortunately, this construction is very expensive and was replaced by the mostly tube-shape of modern airliners.
The tube is more resistant to pressurization changes and cheaper to build.
Ugant- CLUB
- Messages : 3213
Re: Lockheed Constellation
par Ugant Mer 06 Oct 2010, 09:49
With the shutdown of Constellation production, Lockheed elected not to develop a first-generation jetliner, instead sticking to its lucrative military business and production of the modest turboprop-powered Lockheed L-188 Electra airliner.
Lockheed would not build a large civil passenger aircraft again until its L-1011 Tristar debuted in 1972.
While a technological marvel, the L-1011 was a commercial failure, and Lockheed left the commercial airliner business permanently in 1983.
Lockheed would not build a large civil passenger aircraft again until its L-1011 Tristar debuted in 1972.
While a technological marvel, the L-1011 was a commercial failure, and Lockheed left the commercial airliner business permanently in 1983.
Ugant- CLUB
- Messages : 3213
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