Petlyakov Pe 2

Bimoteur conçu par Vladimir Petlyakov pour le bombardement

La page Wikipedia de langue anglaise consacrée à cet appareil


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The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Pe-2 ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: Петляков Пе-2), nicknamed Peshka (Пешка - "Pawn") was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] used during [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

It was fast and maneuverable yet durable, and was manufactured in large numbers. Several Communist nations flew the type after the war, when it became known by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Buck.

The Finnish Air Force serial code was PE- and unofficial nickname Pekka-Eemeli.


Design and development


The Pe-2 was designed in a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] after [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] had been arrested and imprisoned in 1937 for allegedly deliberately delaying design work on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] bomber.

In the sharashka, Petlyakov was put in charge of a team to develop a high-altitude fighter escort for the ANT-42 under the designation VI-100.

The first of two prototypes flew on December 22, 1939 and was a very sophisticated aircraft for its time, featuring a pressurised cabin, all-metal construction, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and many electrically-actuated systems.

The prototypes proved so pleasing that production was ordered almost immediately.

It is said that Petlyakov and his team could see the VI-100 prototype from their prison as it was put through its paces for the crowds watching the annual [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] parade in 1940.

Just as production was ready to begin, the air force ordered a re-design of the aircraft.

The value of tactical bombing had just been displayed by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and the need for such an aircraft suddenly became much more important than the need for a high-altitude escort fighter.

Petlyakov's team was given 45 days to redesign their aircraft as a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

The cabin pressurization and superchargers were deleted, and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and a position for a bombardier were added, among a number of aerodynamic refinements.

A fuselage bomb-bay was added, along with smaller bays in each engine nacelle. Initially designated PB-100,[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was impressed enough with Petlyakov to free him, and his name was permitted to be used in the aircraft's designation.

The first aircraft flew on December 15, 1940, rushed through production without a prototype under severe threats from Stalin if a Pe-2 did not fly by the end of the year. Deliveries to combat units began the following Spring.

While the Pe-2 generally featured favorable flying characteristics when airborne, it took a good amount of force to pull the elevators up to get the plane rotated off the runway during takeoff.

Russian night bombing missions often flew with female pilots and some of the women were not strong enough to get the airplane airborne by themselves.

When such a situation occurred, the procedure was to have one of the crew get behind the pilot's seat and wrap her arms around the control wheel and help the pilot pull the wheel back.

Once the aircraft was airborne, the crew member returned to her duties and the pilot continued to fly the plane
without assistance.

Operational service


The aircraft did not show its true potential until the end of 1941, after the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] had a chance to regroup after the German onslaught during the Winter.

The Pe-2 quickly proved itself to be a highly capable aircraft, able to elude the Luftwaffe's interceptors and
allowing their crews to develop great accuracy with their bombing.

Throughout 1942 the design was steadily refined and improved, in direct consultation with pilots who were actually flying them in combat.

Western sources use mark Pe-2FT for production series after 83 (where FT stands for Frontovoe Trebovanie
(Frontline Request)), although Soviet documents do not use this identification.

Final versions Pe-2K (transitional version of Pe-2I) and Pe-2I were produced in small numbers, due to unwillingness of Soviet industry to decelerate production numbers.

Variants


In total, around 11,400 Pe-2s were built, large number of minor variants were also developed.


PB-100

Prototype of the Pe-2 modified from the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].


Pe-2

First production variant.


Pe-2B

Standard bomber version from 1944.


Pe-2D

Three-seat bomber version, powered by two VK-107A piston engines.


Pe-2FT

Main production variant. In Czechoslovakia known as the B-32. Improved defensive armament (7.62 mm machine gun
in dorsal turret), removal of the dive brakes, and an uprated engine. Nose glazing was also reduced.


Pe-2FZ

Built in small numbers.


Pe-2I

Improved version designed by Vladimir Myasishchev. VK-107 engines; revised wing profile; remote-controlled tail gun. Top speed 656 km/h (408 mph).
Could carry 1,000 kg (2,204 lb) bombs. Five examples built.


Pe-2K

Radial-engined version, small number built.


Pe-2K RD-1

One Pe-2K equipped with additional RD-1 rocket engine. The 300 kg (661 lb) Glushko RD-1 rocket engine was installed in the tail of the aircraft.


Pe-2M

Variant of Pe-2I with heavier armament.


Pe-2MV

This version was armed with 20 mm ShVAK cannons and two 12.7 mm (0.5 in) in an underfuselage gondola, it also had one 7.62 mm (0.3 in) machine gun in the dorsal turret.


Pe-2R

Three-seat photo reconnaissance version, with a larger fuel tanks and extended range. small number built.


Pe-2S

Two-seat training version.


Pe-2Sh

The PB-100 prototype was fitted with two 20 mm ShVAK cannons, and a single 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine gun was fitted beneath the fuselage.


Pe-2VI

High altitude fighter version.


Pe-2UTI (UPe-2)

Dedicated [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] version, small number built. In Czechoslovakia known as the CB-32.


Pe-2 Paravan

Anti-barrage balloon version.


[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

Fighter version, small number built.


[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

Fighter version, small number built.

Bibliography

• And'al, Jozef, Hans-Heiri Stapfer & Peter Novorol'ník. Petljakov Pe-2 a Pe-3 (HT Model Speciál no.911) (in
  Slovak with four-page English summary sheet). Bratislava, Slovakia: Magnet Press s.r.o., 2005. ISSN 1335-3667.
  
• "From Sotka to Peshka:The Story of Petlyakov's Pe-2, Its Origins and its Derivatives". [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. August 1979, Vol. 17 No. 2. pp. 76–83, 93–94.
  
• Gordon, Yefim and Khazanov, Dmitri. Soviet Combat Aircraft of the Second World War, Volume 2: Twin-Engined Fighters, Attack Aircraft and Bombers. Earl Shilton, UK: Midland
  Publishing Ltd., 2006. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
  
• Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari and Niska, Klaus. Suomen Ilmavoimien Historia 9, Venäläiset Pommittajat (Soviet Bombers) (in Finnish with English summary). Espoo, Finland: Tietoteos, 1982. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
  
• Karhunen, Joppe. Taistelulentäjien Jatkosota (in Finnish). Tammi, Finland: Kirjat, 1994. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
  
• Khazanov, Dimitry; Vladimir Kotelnikov and Aleksandr Medved. Le Petlyakov Pe-2 (in French). Outreau,
  France: Lela Presse, 2007. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
  
• Medved, Aleksandr Nikolaevich. Pikiruiushchii bombardirovshchik Pe-2: "Peshka",
  stavshaia ferzem (in Russian). Moskva, 2007. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
  
• Medved, Aleksandr Nikolaevich and Dmitrij B. Khazanov. Pe-2, part 1 (Armada no.13) (in Russian). M-Hobby
  Publishing, 1999.
  
• Medved, Aleksandr Nikolaevich and Dmitrij B. Khazanov. Pe-2, part 2 (Armada no.18) (in Russian). M-Hobby
  Publishing, 2000.
  
• Passingham, Malcolm and Klepacki, Waclaw. Petlyakov Pe-2 and Variants (Aircraft in Profile No. 216). Windsor,
  Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1971.
  
• Smith, Peter C. Petlyakov Pe-2 'Peshka'. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, 2003. ISBN
  1-86126-588-3.
  
• Stapfer, Hans-Heiri. Petlyakov Pe-2 in Action (Aircraft number 181). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 2002. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
  

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Un tour en images du Pe-2

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