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Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 18:32
Le "Skyrocket" sur Wikipedia.en
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The Douglas Skyrocket (D-558-2 or D-558-II) was a rocket and jet-powered supersonic research aircraft built by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
On 20 November 1953, shortly before the 50th anniversary of powered flight, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] piloted the Douglas
D-558-2 Skyrocket to Mach 2, or more than 1,290 mph (2076 km/h), the first time an aircraft had exceeded twice the speed of sound.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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The Douglas Skyrocket (D-558-2 or D-558-II) was a rocket and jet-powered supersonic research aircraft built by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
On 20 November 1953, shortly before the 50th anniversary of powered flight, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] piloted the Douglas
D-558-2 Skyrocket to Mach 2, or more than 1,290 mph (2076 km/h), the first time an aircraft had exceeded twice the speed of sound.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 18:36
Design and development
The "-2" in the aircraft's designation referred to the fact that the Skyrocket was the phase-two version of what had originally been conceived as a three-phase program.
The phase-one aircraft, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], was jet powered and had straight wings.
The third phase, which never came to fruition, would have involved constructing a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of a combat type aircraft embodying the results from the testing of the phase one and two aircraft.
The eventual [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] design, which was never built, was for a hypersonic aircraft similar to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The "-2" in the aircraft's designation referred to the fact that the Skyrocket was the phase-two version of what had originally been conceived as a three-phase program.
The phase-one aircraft, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], was jet powered and had straight wings.
The third phase, which never came to fruition, would have involved constructing a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of a combat type aircraft embodying the results from the testing of the phase one and two aircraft.
The eventual [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] design, which was never built, was for a hypersonic aircraft similar to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
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- Messages : 530
Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 18:39
When it became obvious that the D558-1 fuselage could not be modified to accommodate both rocket and jet power, the D558-2 was conceived as an entirely different aircraft.
A contract change order was issued on 27 January 1947 to formally drop the final three D558-1 aircraft and substitute three new D558-2 aircraft instead.
A contract change order was issued on 27 January 1947 to formally drop the final three D558-1 aircraft and substitute three new D558-2 aircraft instead.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 18:41
The Skyrocket featured wings with a 35-degree sweep and horizontal stabilizers with 40-degree sweep.
The wings and empennage were fabricated from aluminum and the large fuselage was of primarily magnesium construction.
The Skyrocket was powered by a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] turbojet engine fed through side intakes in the forward fuselage.
This engine was intended for takeoff, climb and landing. For high speed flight, a four-chamber [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] LR8-RM-6 engine (the Navy designation for the Air Force's [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] used in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]), was fitted.
The wings and empennage were fabricated from aluminum and the large fuselage was of primarily magnesium construction.
The Skyrocket was powered by a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] turbojet engine fed through side intakes in the forward fuselage.
This engine was intended for takeoff, climb and landing. For high speed flight, a four-chamber [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] LR8-RM-6 engine (the Navy designation for the Air Force's [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] used in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]), was fitted.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 18:43
This engine was rated at 6,000 lbf (27 kN) static thrust at sea level.
A total of 250 gallons (946 liters) of aviation fuel, 195 gallons of alcohol, and 180 gallons of liquid oxygen were carried in fuselage tanks.
A total of 250 gallons (946 liters) of aviation fuel, 195 gallons of alcohol, and 180 gallons of liquid oxygen were carried in fuselage tanks.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 18:45
The Skyrocket was configured with a flush cockpit canopy, but visibility from the cockpit was poor, so it was re-configured with a raised cockpit with conventional angled windows.
This resulted in a greater profile area at the front of the aircraft, which was balanced by an additional 14 inches (36 cm) of height added to the vertical stabilizer.
This resulted in a greater profile area at the front of the aircraft, which was balanced by an additional 14 inches (36 cm) of height added to the vertical stabilizer.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 21:56
Like its predecessor, the D558-1, the D558-2 was designed so that the forward fuselage, including cockpit, could be separated from the rest of the aircraft in an emergency.
Once the forward fuselage had decelerated sufficiently, the pilot would then be able to escape from the cockpit by parachute.
Once the forward fuselage had decelerated sufficiently, the pilot would then be able to escape from the cockpit by parachute.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 22:00
Operational history
Douglas pilot [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] made the first flight at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (later renamed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) in California on 4 February 1948 in an aircraft equipped only with the jet engine.
The goals of the program were to investigate the characteristics of swept-wing aircraft at transonic and supersonic speeds with particular attention to pitch-up (un-commanded rotation of the nose of the aircraft upwards), a problem prevalent in high-speed service aircraft of that era, particularly at low speeds during takeoff and landing, and in tight
turns.
Douglas pilot [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] made the first flight at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (later renamed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) in California on 4 February 1948 in an aircraft equipped only with the jet engine.
The goals of the program were to investigate the characteristics of swept-wing aircraft at transonic and supersonic speeds with particular attention to pitch-up (un-commanded rotation of the nose of the aircraft upwards), a problem prevalent in high-speed service aircraft of that era, particularly at low speeds during takeoff and landing, and in tight
turns.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 22:05
The three aircraft gathered a great deal of data about pitch-up and the coupling of lateral (yaw) and longitudinal (pitch) motions; wing and tail loads, lift, drag and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] characteristics of swept-wing aircraft at transonic and supersonic speeds; and the effects of the rocket exhaust plume on lateral dynamic stability throughout the speed range.
(Plume effects were a new experience for aircraft.)
(Plume effects were a new experience for aircraft.)
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 22:07
The number three aircraft also gathered information about the effects of external stores (bomb shapes, drop tanks) upon the aircraft's behavior in the transonic region (roughly 0.7 to 1.3 times the speed of sound).
In correlation with data from other early transonic research aircraft such as the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], this information contributed to
solutions to the pitch-up problem in swept-wing aircraft.
In correlation with data from other early transonic research aircraft such as the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], this information contributed to
solutions to the pitch-up problem in swept-wing aircraft.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 22:10
Its flight research was done at the NACA's Muroc Flight Test Unit in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], redesignated in 1949 the High-Speed Flight Research Station (HSFRS).
The HSFRS became the High-Speed Flight Station in 1954 and is now known as the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The HSFRS became the High-Speed Flight Station in 1954 and is now known as the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 22:12
The three aircraft flew a total of 313 times – 23 by the number one aircraft (Bureau No. 37973—NACA 143), 103 by the second Skyrocket (Bureau No. 37974 – NACA 144), and 87 by aircraft number three (Bureau No. 37975 – NACA 145).
Skyrocket 143 flew all but one of its missions as part of the Douglas contractor program to test the aircraft's performance.
Skyrocket 143 flew all but one of its missions as part of the Douglas contractor program to test the aircraft's performance.
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Re: Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II
par H2S Sam 12 Juin 2010, 22:13
NACA aircraft 143 was initially powered by the jet engine only, but was later fitted with the rocket engine.
In this configuration, it was tested by Douglas from 1949 to 1951.
After Douglas' test program, it was delivered to NACA, who stored it until 1954.
In 1954-55 the contractor modified it to an all-rocket air-launch capability with the jet engine removed.
In this configuration, it was tested by Douglas from 1949 to 1951.
After Douglas' test program, it was delivered to NACA, who stored it until 1954.
In 1954-55 the contractor modified it to an all-rocket air-launch capability with the jet engine removed.
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