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Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 09:59
Le meilleur V 8 du début de l'aviation, Hispano-Suiza par Wikipedia de langue anglaise
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The Hispano-Suiza 8 was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] introduced by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1914 and used by a number of Allied aircraft during the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (102 kW) and the later Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 300 hp (220 kW)
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The Hispano-Suiza 8 was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] introduced by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1914 and used by a number of Allied aircraft during the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (102 kW) and the later Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 300 hp (220 kW)
DayAfter- CLUB
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Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:00
Design and development
Origins
When World War I began, production lines of the Hispano-Suiza, in that period of time spanish engine and automobile company in Barcelona, were stopped to allow production of war material.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] began work on an aero engine based on his successful V8 automobile engine in Spain (One prototype of this aircraft engine is preserved in spanish museum "Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica" in Madrid).
The resulting engine, called the Hispano-Suiza 8A (or HS-8A), made its first appearance in February 1915 and was a promising design.
Origins
When World War I began, production lines of the Hispano-Suiza, in that period of time spanish engine and automobile company in Barcelona, were stopped to allow production of war material.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] began work on an aero engine based on his successful V8 automobile engine in Spain (One prototype of this aircraft engine is preserved in spanish museum "Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica" in Madrid).
The resulting engine, called the Hispano-Suiza 8A (or HS-8A), made its first appearance in February 1915 and was a promising design.
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:13
Hispano-Suiza 8A (HS-8A)
The first Hispano-Suiza 8A kept the standard configuration of Birkigt's existing design: eight cylinders in 90° Vee configuration, a displacement of 11.76 liters (717.8 cu in) and a power output of 140 hp at 1,900 rpm.
In spite of the similarities with the original design, the engine had been substantially refined.
The crankcase was machined from a solid piece of steel.
The cylinders were cast aluminum with steel liners.
The SOHC cylinder heads were also made of aluminum, using a rotary driveshaft coming up from the crankcase along the rear end of each cylinder bank, with the final drive for each cylinder bank's camshaft accommodated within a semicircular bulge at the rear end of each valve cover.
Aluminum parts were coated in vitreous enamel to reduce leakage.
All parts subject to wear were made redundant: [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], valve springs, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], etc.
Although engine reliability was a great concern in these opening stages of aviation, the HS-8A also provided good [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and development potential.
The engine and its accessories weighed 185 kg (408 lb), making it 40% as heavy as a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of equivalent power.
The design also promised far more growth potential than rotary engines which (in spite of being the most common type then in use with airplanes) were getting close to the limits of the type.
Rotary engines of increased power generally had increased weight, which in turn increased the already important gyroscopic torque generated by the engine's rotation.
A further increase in torque was considered not acceptable, and the power-to-weight ratio of the new rotary engines
under development did not appeal to aircraft designers.
The first Hispano-Suiza 8A kept the standard configuration of Birkigt's existing design: eight cylinders in 90° Vee configuration, a displacement of 11.76 liters (717.8 cu in) and a power output of 140 hp at 1,900 rpm.
In spite of the similarities with the original design, the engine had been substantially refined.
The crankcase was machined from a solid piece of steel.
The cylinders were cast aluminum with steel liners.
The SOHC cylinder heads were also made of aluminum, using a rotary driveshaft coming up from the crankcase along the rear end of each cylinder bank, with the final drive for each cylinder bank's camshaft accommodated within a semicircular bulge at the rear end of each valve cover.
Aluminum parts were coated in vitreous enamel to reduce leakage.
All parts subject to wear were made redundant: [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], valve springs, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], etc.
Although engine reliability was a great concern in these opening stages of aviation, the HS-8A also provided good [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and development potential.
The engine and its accessories weighed 185 kg (408 lb), making it 40% as heavy as a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of equivalent power.
The design also promised far more growth potential than rotary engines which (in spite of being the most common type then in use with airplanes) were getting close to the limits of the type.
Rotary engines of increased power generally had increased weight, which in turn increased the already important gyroscopic torque generated by the engine's rotation.
A further increase in torque was considered not acceptable, and the power-to-weight ratio of the new rotary engines
under development did not appeal to aircraft designers.
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:17
The new engine was presented to the French Ministère de la Guerre (Ministry of War) in February 1915, and tested for 15 hours at full power.
This was standard procedure for a new engine design to be admitted in military service.
However, because of lobbying by competing engine manufacturers, the HS-8A was ordered to undergo a bench test that
no French-made engine had yet achieved successfully: a 50-hour run at full speed.
The HS-8A was therefore sent back to Chalais-Meudon on July 21, 1915 and tested for 50 hours, succeeding against all expectations.
In such a context, it is hardly surprising that French officials ordered production of the HS-8A to be started as soon as possible and emitted a requirement for a new single-seat high-performance fighter aircraft using the new engine.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was the result of this requirement and would allow the Allies to regain [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] over the Germans.
The HS-8Aa, which entered production in July 1915, was the production variant of the basic HS-8A type, with increased power output: 150 hp (110 kW) at 2,000 rpm.
Early HS-8A engines were plagued with various problems which required further work.
The 150 hp HS-8Aa was the standard powerplant for early-production SPAD VIIs.
The demand for the Hispano-Suiza engine was such that other manufacturers began producing it under license, in France, Great Britain ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as the Adder in Birmingham), Italy (Nagliati in Florence and Itala/SCAT in Turin) and Russia.
Total production of the HS-8Aa amounted to some 6,000 engines.
To avoid the problems experienced by the 8A, Wolseley reduced the compression ratio to 4.7.
The HS-8Ab was yet another evolution of the HS-8A. By increasing the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] from 4.7 to 5.3, Birkigt was able to increase the power output to 180 hp (132 kW) at 2,100 rpm.
The HS-8Ab began replacing the 8Aa on SPAD VIIs in early 1917.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was an improved 8A.
Wolseley's engineers removed problems with the crankshaft and increased the compression ratio to give more power.
It did not need the reduction gearing of the H-S8. The Viper II could deliver 210 hp at 2,000 rpm.
The American [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aviation firm license-produced the original 150 hp HS-8Aa engine as the Wright-Hispano E, for use in World War I combat aircraft to be built in the United States – it found its way into the JN-4H version of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], replacing the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] liquid-cooled V8 engine of only 90 hp output.
This was standard procedure for a new engine design to be admitted in military service.
However, because of lobbying by competing engine manufacturers, the HS-8A was ordered to undergo a bench test that
no French-made engine had yet achieved successfully: a 50-hour run at full speed.
The HS-8A was therefore sent back to Chalais-Meudon on July 21, 1915 and tested for 50 hours, succeeding against all expectations.
In such a context, it is hardly surprising that French officials ordered production of the HS-8A to be started as soon as possible and emitted a requirement for a new single-seat high-performance fighter aircraft using the new engine.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was the result of this requirement and would allow the Allies to regain [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] over the Germans.
The HS-8Aa, which entered production in July 1915, was the production variant of the basic HS-8A type, with increased power output: 150 hp (110 kW) at 2,000 rpm.
Early HS-8A engines were plagued with various problems which required further work.
The 150 hp HS-8Aa was the standard powerplant for early-production SPAD VIIs.
The demand for the Hispano-Suiza engine was such that other manufacturers began producing it under license, in France, Great Britain ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as the Adder in Birmingham), Italy (Nagliati in Florence and Itala/SCAT in Turin) and Russia.
Total production of the HS-8Aa amounted to some 6,000 engines.
To avoid the problems experienced by the 8A, Wolseley reduced the compression ratio to 4.7.
The HS-8Ab was yet another evolution of the HS-8A. By increasing the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] from 4.7 to 5.3, Birkigt was able to increase the power output to 180 hp (132 kW) at 2,100 rpm.
The HS-8Ab began replacing the 8Aa on SPAD VIIs in early 1917.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was an improved 8A.
Wolseley's engineers removed problems with the crankshaft and increased the compression ratio to give more power.
It did not need the reduction gearing of the H-S8. The Viper II could deliver 210 hp at 2,000 rpm.
The American [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aviation firm license-produced the original 150 hp HS-8Aa engine as the Wright-Hispano E, for use in World War I combat aircraft to be built in the United States – it found its way into the JN-4H version of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], replacing the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] liquid-cooled V8 engine of only 90 hp output.
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:23
Hispano-Suiza 8B (HS-8B)
The HS-8Ab had been plagued by engine failures due to the high compression ratio: piston heads were sometimes pierced and seized the engine.
To further increase the power output of the engine, Birkigt chose to increase engine speed.
Two versions of the HS-8B were made.
The first, the HS-8Ba, kept the 4.7 compression ratio of the HS-8Aa but delivered 200 hp (147 kW) at 2,300 rpm.
The second version, the HS-8Bb, had a compression ratio of 5.3.
A reduction gear (3:4 ratio) was fitted to compensate for the increased engine speed.
However the reduction gear system was fragile, and often broke down, sometimes with spectacular results ending up with the entire propeller, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and driven gear parting company from the airframe.
Progressive refinement of the engine brought the available power to 235 hp by the end of 1917.
The HS-8B was used to power the earliest versions of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], all examples of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], front-line versions of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and several other Allied aircraft types, with its gear reduction easily
identifiable in vintage World War I photos, from its use of a clockwise rotation propeller.
The HS-8Ab had been plagued by engine failures due to the high compression ratio: piston heads were sometimes pierced and seized the engine.
To further increase the power output of the engine, Birkigt chose to increase engine speed.
Two versions of the HS-8B were made.
The first, the HS-8Ba, kept the 4.7 compression ratio of the HS-8Aa but delivered 200 hp (147 kW) at 2,300 rpm.
The second version, the HS-8Bb, had a compression ratio of 5.3.
A reduction gear (3:4 ratio) was fitted to compensate for the increased engine speed.
However the reduction gear system was fragile, and often broke down, sometimes with spectacular results ending up with the entire propeller, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and driven gear parting company from the airframe.
Progressive refinement of the engine brought the available power to 235 hp by the end of 1917.
The HS-8B was used to power the earliest versions of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], all examples of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], front-line versions of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and several other Allied aircraft types, with its gear reduction easily
identifiable in vintage World War I photos, from its use of a clockwise rotation propeller.
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:28
Hispano-Suiza 8Ca (HS-8Ca)
The HS-Ca produced 220 hp at 2,100 rpm.
It had a manually-loaded 37 mm Puteaux cannon mounted between the cylinder banks (a so-called moteur-canon) that could fire a single shot at a time through the hollow crankshaft without propeller interference, before needing reloading.
The engine was used on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The HS-Ca produced 220 hp at 2,100 rpm.
It had a manually-loaded 37 mm Puteaux cannon mounted between the cylinder banks (a so-called moteur-canon) that could fire a single shot at a time through the hollow crankshaft without propeller interference, before needing reloading.
The engine was used on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:30
Hispano-Suiza 8F (HS-8F)
The HS-8F was basically an enlarged version of the HS-8B for use on bombers.
The displacement was increased to 18.5 liters (1,127.3 cuin), with a power of 300 hp (220 kW) at 2,100 rpm (eq. 750 ftlbs
torque).
The engine now weighed 256 kg (564 lb) and was not suitable for[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], hence its use on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and reconnaissance aircraft.
Engine speed being lower than that of the HS-8B, the reduction gear was deleted, thereby increasing engine reliability.
The HS-8F was basically an enlarged version of the HS-8B for use on bombers.
The displacement was increased to 18.5 liters (1,127.3 cuin), with a power of 300 hp (220 kW) at 2,100 rpm (eq. 750 ftlbs
torque).
The engine now weighed 256 kg (564 lb) and was not suitable for[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], hence its use on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and reconnaissance aircraft.
Engine speed being lower than that of the HS-8B, the reduction gear was deleted, thereby increasing engine reliability.
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:33
Summary
Sometimes referred to as the "[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of World War I", the Hispano-Suiza HS-8 engine was the most important [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aircraft engine produced during the First World War.
It powered over half the Allied aircraft.
A total of 49,800 engines were built, in twenty-one plants in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.
Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the Hispano-Suiza HS-12 (and Soviet [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] V12 derivative aero-engines) which served in World War II.
Sometimes referred to as the "[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of World War I", the Hispano-Suiza HS-8 engine was the most important [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aircraft engine produced during the First World War.
It powered over half the Allied aircraft.
A total of 49,800 engines were built, in twenty-one plants in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.
Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the Hispano-Suiza HS-12 (and Soviet [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] V12 derivative aero-engines) which served in World War II.
DayAfter- CLUB
- Messages : 20630
Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:35
Applications
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- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8Fb)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8a and Viper),
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8a)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8Be)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8Cb), with 37mm calibre moteur-canon mount through the hollow propshaft
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8Be)
- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (8a)
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Re: Hispano-Suiza 8
par DayAfter Jeu 26 Mai 2011, 10:38
Wright-Hispano E
Mitsubishi "Hi"shiki
200HP (8B)
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Mitsubishi "Hi"shiki
200HP (8B)
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- [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (Japanese version)
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