Avro Type 694 Lincoln

Le Lincoln, de la famille Lancaster et Lancastrian, sur Wikipedia en anglais :

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The Avro Type 694 Lincoln was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] four-engined [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], first flown on 9 June, 1944.

It was the last [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] bomber in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien];

604 were built.

The Avro Lincoln entered service in August 1945, too late to be used in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

However, it did see combat in two colonial insurgencies in the 1950s, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in Kenya and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], before being phased out of the Royal Air Force.

It also served in the Argentine and Australian air forces, and saw some commercial use.

Un Lincoln argentin :

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Design and development


The Avro Lincoln was [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]'s development of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien],
built to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien],
having a longer span, a higher [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (10.30 compared with 8.02) wings with two-stage [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] 85 engines,
and a bigger fuselage with increased fuel and bomb loads.

As a result, the Lincoln had a higher operational ceiling and longer range than the Lancaster.

The prototype Lincoln was assembled by Avro's experimental flight department at Manchester's[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and made its maiden flight from there on 9 June 1944.

It was known initially as the Lancaster IV and V (the V having the Merlin 68A engines), but these were renamed Lincoln I and II.

Operational history


The Lincoln became operational too late to serve with the Royal Air Force and Commonwealth air forces in World War II.

There were plans to use the type in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], from late 1945, as part of the British Commonwealth strategic bomber unit known as [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]; this was rendered unnecessary by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] began re-equipping with the type at RAF Spilsby during August–September 1945, receiving just three aircraft before VE Day and the disbanding of the 75(NZ)SQN shortly afterwards.

Le Lincoln à Farnborough en 1948

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One Lincoln pattern aircraft was completed in Canada by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

In the postwar Royal Air Force, the Lincoln equipped many bomber squadrons.

Nearly 600 Lincolns were built to equip 29 RAF squadrons, mainly based in the United Kingdom.

They were partially replaced by 88 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], on loan from the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which had longer range and could reach targets inside the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

The Lincoln was used in combat during the 1950s in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] against the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and Malaya during the Malayan
Emergency.

On 12 March 1953, a Lincoln B.2 (RF531 "C" of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) was shot down 20 mi (32 km)
NE of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as it flew to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on a training flight, resulting in the deaths of the seven crew
members.

In November 1955, four Lincolns of 7 Squadron were detached to Bahrain.

They carried out border patrols of the then Trucial States until the United Emirates was formed.

7 Squadron disbanded in December 1955 to reform on jets and the four detached crews and aircraft became 1426 flight.

They were then sent to the Aden "troubles" carrying out patrols. This being the last time the Lincoln flew operationally
as a bomber, even though this unit is listed in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as 1426 (Photographic Reconnaissance) Flight .

As the Lincolns became unserviceable due to wear and tear they were replaced by Shackletons.

The Lincolns of Bomber Command were phased out from the mid-1950s, and were completely replaced by jet bombers
by 1963.

The last Lincolns in RAF service were five operated by No. 151 Squadron, Signals Command, at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which were finally retired on 12 March 1963.

The Lincoln served with the[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] from 1947, 30 being acquired together with 15 Lancasters, giving Argentina the most powerful bombing force in South America.

Entering service in 1948, Argentina continued to use its Lincolns until 1967.

The aircraft were used in bombing missions against rebels during the attempted military coup in September 1951,
and by both the government and rebel forces during the 1955 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] coup that deposed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Lincolns were also used to drop supplies in support of Argentinean operations in the Antarctic .

A total of 54 Lincolns were built in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for service with the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] between 1946 and 1949, the largest aircraft ever built there

The RAAF heavily modified their aircraft in the 1950s for use in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], giving them a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) longer nose to house [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] detection gear and its operator,
larger fuel tanks to give 13 hours endurance, and modifying the bomb bay to accept [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

The "long-nose" variant, officially the Mk 31, was particularly difficult to land at night, as the bomber used a tailwheel and the long nose obstructed the pilot's view of the runway

18 aircraft were remanufactured to this standard in 1952, gaining new serial numbers.

The final RAAF Lincolns were retired in 1961.

The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] maritime patrol aircraft was derived from the Lincoln, as was the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] airliner, which used the wings of the Lincoln with a new [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Performance


The Lincoln was capable of the following ranges with a 14000 lb bomb load; 2800 miles at 15000 ft and 200 mph;
2240 miles at 20000 ft and 260 mph.

The Lincoln was capable of the following ranges with a 6000 lb bomb load; 4000 miles at 15000 ft and 200 mph; 3430 miles at 20000 ft and 260 mph.

Using the Merlin 102 engine, an RAAF Lincoln was able to takeoff in 2874 ft with an all up weight of 82000 lb.

A lightened Lincoln, using Merlin 114 engines, and carrying a rocket assisted bomb similar in size and weight to a 12000 lb Tallboy bomb, was able to achieve 42000 ft.

Lincoln RAAF :

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Commercial service


Two Lincoln IIs were operated by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for icing research from 1948 to 1962.

A transport conversion of the Lincoln II, using the streamlined nose and tail cones of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and a ventral cargo pannier, was known as the Avro 695 Lincolnian.

One Lincoln Freighter converted by Airflight Ltd was used on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by Surrey Flying Services Ltd.

In addition, one Argentine example was converted to a Lincolnian by Avro at Langar.

Four Lincolnian conversions by Field Aircraft Services for use as meat haulers in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were not delivered and subsequently scrapped.