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Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:38
Le Britannia sur Wikipedia; en anglais :
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The Bristol Type 175 Britannia was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] medium/long-range [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] built by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1952 to fly across the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Soon after production the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines proved susceptible to inlet [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and two prototypes were lost while solutions were found. By the time it was cleared, jets from France, UK and the US were about to enter service and only 85 Britannias were built before production ended in 1960.
Nevertheless, the Britannia is considered the high point in turboprop design and was popular with passengers, earning itself the title of "The Whispering Giant" for its quiet and smooth flying.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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The Bristol Type 175 Britannia was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] medium/long-range [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] built by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1952 to fly across the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Soon after production the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines proved susceptible to inlet [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and two prototypes were lost while solutions were found. By the time it was cleared, jets from France, UK and the US were about to enter service and only 85 Britannias were built before production ended in 1960.
Nevertheless, the Britannia is considered the high point in turboprop design and was popular with passengers, earning itself the title of "The Whispering Giant" for its quiet and smooth flying.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:40
Design and development
In 1942, during [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the US and UK agreed to split aircraft construction; the US concentrating on transport aircraft, and the UK on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
This left the UK with little experience in transport construction at the end of the war, so in 1943, a committee under [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], investigated the future of the British civilian airliner market.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] called for four main types of aircraft.
In 1942, during [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the US and UK agreed to split aircraft construction; the US concentrating on transport aircraft, and the UK on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
This left the UK with little experience in transport construction at the end of the war, so in 1943, a committee under [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], investigated the future of the British civilian airliner market.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] called for four main types of aircraft.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:41
Bristol won the Type I and Type III contracts, delivering their Type I design, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1949. The requirement for the Type III, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], was issued by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for an aircraft capable of carrying 48 passengers and powered with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:43
Turboprop and compound engines were also considered, but they were so new that Bristol could not guarantee the performance specifications.
After wrangling between the Ministry of Supply and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (BOAC) over costs, the go-ahead was given in July 1948 for three prototypes, although the second and third were to be convertible to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] turboprops.
After wrangling between the Ministry of Supply and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (BOAC) over costs, the go-ahead was given in July 1948 for three prototypes, although the second and third were to be convertible to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] turboprops.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:44
In October, with work already underway, BOAC decided that only a Proteus-engined aircraft was worth working on, and the project was redrawn to allow both turboprop and piston aircraft.
BOAC purchased options for 25 aircraft on 28 July 1949, to be powered initially with the Centaurus engine but to be re-fitted with the Proteus when available.
BOAC purchased options for 25 aircraft on 28 July 1949, to be powered initially with the Centaurus engine but to be re-fitted with the Proteus when available.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:45
The design was now aimed at long-haul Empire and trans-Atlantic routes rather than the medium haul Empire routes originally planned and had grown to accommodate 83 passengers.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:47
By the time the first prototype, registered G-ALBO, flew on 16 August 1952 at Filton, BOAC and Bristol had dropped the Centaurus because the turboprop Proteus had shown such promise.
The Britannia was now a 90-seater and BOAC ordered 15 of these Series 100s.
The Britannia was now a 90-seater and BOAC ordered 15 of these Series 100s.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:48
In 1953 and 1954, three [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] crashed without explanation, and the Air Ministry demanded the
Britannia undergo lengthy tests.
Further delays were caused by engine problems, mostly related to icing and the loss of the second prototype G-ALRX
in an accident caused by a failed engine in December 1953.
This delayed the in-service date until February 1957, when BOAC put their first Britannia 102s into service on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] route, with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] following a month later.
Britannia undergo lengthy tests.
Further delays were caused by engine problems, mostly related to icing and the loss of the second prototype G-ALRX
in an accident caused by a failed engine in December 1953.
This delayed the in-service date until February 1957, when BOAC put their first Britannia 102s into service on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] route, with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] following a month later.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:50
Bristol then upgraded the design as a larger transatlantic airliner for BOAC, resulting in the Series 200 and 300.
The new version had a fuselage stretch of 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) and upgraded Proteus engines, and was offered as the all-cargo Series 200, the cargo/passenger (combi) Series 250, and the all-passenger Series 300.
The new version had a fuselage stretch of 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) and upgraded Proteus engines, and was offered as the all-cargo Series 200, the cargo/passenger (combi) Series 250, and the all-passenger Series 300.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:52
Operational history
The first public service was operated on the 1 February 1957 with a BOAC flight between London and Johannesburg.
By August 1957 the first 15 Model 102 aircraft had been delivered to BOAC.
The last ten aircraft of the order were built as Series 300 aircraft for transatlantic operations.
The first public service was operated on the 1 February 1957 with a BOAC flight between London and Johannesburg.
By August 1957 the first 15 Model 102 aircraft had been delivered to BOAC.
The last ten aircraft of the order were built as Series 300 aircraft for transatlantic operations.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:55
The main long-range series were the 310s, of which BOAC took 18 and, after deliveries began in September 1957, put them into service between London and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The 310 series (the Model 318) also saw transatlantic service with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] starting in 1958.
In total 45 Series 300s were built, the first jet-powered, albeit in turboprop form, airliner to enter regular non-stop transatlantic service in both directions.
The 310 series (the Model 318) also saw transatlantic service with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] starting in 1958.
In total 45 Series 300s were built, the first jet-powered, albeit in turboprop form, airliner to enter regular non-stop transatlantic service in both directions.
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Re: Bristol Type 175 Britannia
par PENSI3 Dim 25 Juil 2010, 14:57
A further 23 Model 252 and 253 aircraft were purchased by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (RAF), as the Britannia C.2 and C.1
respectively.
Those in RAF service were allocated the names of stars, "Arcturus", "Sirius", "Vega" etc.
On retirement from the RAF in 1975, some were used by civil operators in Africa, Europe and the Middle East into the late 1990s.
respectively.
Those in RAF service were allocated the names of stars, "Arcturus", "Sirius", "Vega" etc.
On retirement from the RAF in 1975, some were used by civil operators in Africa, Europe and the Middle East into the late 1990s.
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