Ilyushin Il-76

L' Ilyushin 76 vu sur Wikipedia de langue anglaise :

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The Ilyushin Il-76 ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: Candid) is a multi-purpose 4-engined [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] designed by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] bureau.

It was first planned as a commercial freighter in 1967. Intended as a replacement for the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the Il-76 was designed for delivering heavy machinery to remote, poorly-serviced areas of the USSR.

Military versions of the Il-76 have seen widespread use in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], including use as an airborne refueling tanker or as a command center.

The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items unable to be otherwise carried.

It has been used as emergency response transport for civilian evacuations and to deliver humanitarian/disaster relief aid
around the world, especially to undeveloped areas due to its ability to operate from unpaved runways.

A water-carrying version of the plane has been effective in fire-fighting.

There is also a model used for zero-G training.

Design and development

The aircraft was first conceived by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (2,700 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]; 3,100 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) in less than six hours, able to operate from short and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions.

It was intended as a replacement for the An-12.

Another intended version was a double-decked 250-passenger airliner but that project was cancelled.

The Il-76 first flew on March 25, 1971.

Production of Il-76s was placed in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (then a republic of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]). Some 860 of the basic transport variants were made.

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In the 1990s, modernized variants were developed (MF, TF), with a cargo compartment 20 m long by 3.4 m wide by 3.4 m tall, but were not produced in significant quantity due to financial problems of the major user, the Russian Air Force.

The prototype of the longer variant Il-76MF, with greater capacity, first flew on 1 August 1995.

The production ceased around 1997, and the factory has since deteriorated.

IL 76MF

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Some commercial aircraft were modernized to the Il-76TD-90VD version, starting from 2004, using new [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines to meet European noise limits. In 2005, China ordered in Russia 34 new Il-76MDs and 4 Il-78 tankers, and the factory in Tashkent produced 16 incomplete airframes.

Production of the Il-476 at a new production line at the Aviatstar factory in Ulyanovsk, in Russia, in cooperation with the Tashkent works, is under consideration.

^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} The construction of two prototype IL-476s has begun at the Ulyanovk facility.

Operational history

First aircraft were delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974.

Next it became the main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976 it was operated by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] lines.


Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen, and 315,800 tons of freight.

The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted.
As Afghan rebels were unable to shoot down high-flying Il-76s, their tactics were to try and damage it at take-off or landing.

Il-76s were often hit by shoulder-launched Stinger and Strela heat-seeking missiles and large-calibre machine-gun fire, but because the strong airframes were able to take substantial damage and still remain operational, the aircraft had a remarkably low attrition rate during the period of conflict.

Building on that experience, the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan is flown in using civilian Il-76.

^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} In 2006, the Russian Air Force had about 200 Il-76s. Civilian users in Russia have 108.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

Il-76s sitting on the ramp at the Tripoli Airport were bombed by USAF F-111s during [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in April 1986.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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The Il-76 is also in use as an airborne [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], otherwise known as a refueller ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], some 50 were made^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}), and a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Its airframe was used as a base for the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aircraft (some 25 were made^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}).

Still more applications have been found in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] support flights and simulated weightlessness training for [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} Beriev and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] also developed an [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] flying laboratory designated [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], of which two were built, although little is known about it, as the project is still classified.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]