Boeing B367-80 Dash 80

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Seventy-two-year-old [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] came back to visit his former company for the May 14, 1954, rollout of the Model 367-80 at the Renton, Wash., plant. His wife, Bertha, christened the yellow and brown airplane with real champagne, and the Renton High School band played the Air Force theme. It was the prototype for the 707 passenger jet and the KC-135 jet tanker and would be the first member of the "700" family of commercial and military jets.
The Boeing Company had invested $16 million (two-thirds of the company's net profits from the post-war years) to build this prototype for a long-range jet aircraft. It was developed in secrecy and designated Model 367-80 to disguise it as merely an improved version of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. It was subsequently nicknamed the "Dash 80," had jet engines and swept wings, and was very different from the straight-wing, propeller-powered Stratofreighter. When the Dash 80 was almost finished, the company gambled again -- by tooling and gearing up for a production aircraft, although neither the Air Force, nor any airline, had placed a single order.
Because the prototype was constructed to sell first as a military-tanker transport, it had few windows and no seats, but had two large cargo doors. A week after its first flight, the Air Force ordered 29 tanker versions, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. The commercial version, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], however, faced tough competition from the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. Boeing salespeople directed their efforts to Pan American World Airways, Trans World Airlines and large European airlines. On Oct 14, Pan Am ordered 20 707s. At the same time, Pan Am ordered 25 DC-8s. The race was on.
In 1972, the Dash 80 became part of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum collection. In August 2003, it flew to its new home on permanent display at the museum's new companion facility, the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center near Washington, D.C.'s Dulles International Airport.

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The Boeing 367-80, or "Dash 80" as it was called within [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], is an American prototype jet transport built to demonstrate the advantages of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for passenger transport over piston-engined [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].<sup>[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]</sup>The Dash 80 is considered to have been the prototype for the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aerial refuelling tanker and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

It was built in less than two years from project launch in 1952 to rollout on May 14, 1954 for a cost of US$16 million.

This was at the time an enormous risk for the Boeing Company, since they had no committed customers for the project.

Only one example of the type was built which exists today in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], an annex of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]'s [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] located at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Design and development

By the late 1940s, two developments were encouraging Boeing to begin considering the possibility of building a passenger jet.

The first was the maiden flight in 1949 of the world’s first jet airliner, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. With its 500 mph (800 km/h) cruise speed, it promised to significantly reduce journey times compared with existing propeller-powered aircraft.

Boeing President [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] led a company delegation to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in summer 1950 where they saw the Comet fly at the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and also visited the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] factory at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] where the Comets were being built.

The second event was completion by 1950 of successful development of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Boeing felt that this program had enabled it to master the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] which it saw as key technologies that would enable it to improve on both the performance and the engine maintenance of the Comet.

In 1950, Boeing tentatively produced a specification for a jet airliner which it dubbed the Model 473-60C.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}

However the airlines were unconvinced^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} because they had no experience with jet transports, and were enjoying success with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] aircraft such as the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

There was also a broader problem: Boeing was experienced at selling to the military, but had not enjoyed the same success with civil airliners.

This market was dominated by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] who was adept at meeting the needs of airlines by refining and developing its range of propeller-driven aircraft, and in 1950 were actively marketing the forthcoming [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Boeing decided that the only way to overcome the airlines' suspicion of the jet - and of itself - was to show them a completed aircraft.

As the first of a new generation of passenger jets, Boeing wanted the aircraft's model number to emphasize the difference from its previous propeller-driven aircraft which bore 300-series numbers.

The 400-, 500- and 600-series were already used by missiles and other products, so Boeing decided that the jets would bear 700-series numbers, and the first would be the 707.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

However, just after the program was approved, Boeing changed the designation as a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] tactic intended to mislead its competitors. "367" was the Boeing model number of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], a previous generation aircraft to which the Dash 80 owed nothing.

^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} Although it did have the same 132 in (3.33m) fuselage diameter as the 367s and the 367s fuselage crease was smoothed out.

^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} Although the design was announced as the Model 707 the prototype was referred to simply as the "-80", or Dash 80.

The -80 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was wide enough for five-abreast seating; two on one side of the aisle and three on the other.

However, by the time the Boeing company committed to production, the decision had been made to design the production model 707 as a six-abreast design, with a larger-diameter fuselage 148 in (3.76 m), based on feedback from airline officials who had studied the prototype.

This decision did not unduly delay introduction of the production model since the -80 had been largely handbuilt, and thus little production tooling had been created for its manufacture.

Operational history

By early 1952, the designs were complete, and in April 1952, the Boeing board approved the program to build the jet.

Construction of the Dash 80 started in November in a walled-off section of Boeing's [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] plant.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien][Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}
As a proof of concept [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] there was no certification and no production line and most of the parts were custom built.

The aircraft's interior was not fitted with an airline cabin; rather it consisted of a basic plywood lining that was used to house the test instrumentation required for the flight test program.

The Dash 80 was [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of the factory on May 15, 1954, just two years after the project was approved, and 18 months after construction had started.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien][Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}
The 367-80 then undertook a series of taxi trials and although the port landing gear collapsed on May 22 causing damage to the airframe which was quickly repaired,^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]} the maiden flight took place on July 15, 1954.

A series of test flights followed during which the most significant issue discovered was a marked propensity to "[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]" - an alternating yawing and rolling motion.

Boeing already had considerable experience with this on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and had developed a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] system on the B-47 that could be adapted to later swept wing configurations like the Dash 80.

Other problems were found with the engines and brakes, the latter failing completely during landing on one occasion causing the aircraft to overshoot the runway and suffer damage.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]

In addition to the flight testing program, Boeing also used the Dash 80 to provide demonstration flights to airline executives and other key industry figures.

These focused attention on the question of what the cabin of a passenger jet should look like.

In a significant departure from its usual practice, Boeing hired industrial design firm [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to create a cabin as radical as the aircraft itself.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}

The barrel roll

As part of the Dash 80's demonstration program, Bill Allen invited representatives of the Aircraft Industries Association (AIA) and International Air Transport Association to the Seattle's 1955 Seafair and Gold Cup Hydroplane Races held on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on August 6, 1955.

The Dash-80 was scheduled to perform a simple flyover, but [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] test pilot [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] instead performed a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to show off the jet airliner.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}