English Electric Canberra
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aeronewsline :: Accueil :: Histoire :: Aéronefs 1945 à 1955
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Re: English Electric Canberra
J'ouvre le sous-lien qui concerne le Martin B 57 :
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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The Martin B-57 Canberra was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]-built, twin [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which entered service with the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (USAF) in 1953.
The B-57 was initially a version of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] built under license.
However, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] significantly modified the design and produced several unique variants.
A few are still in use by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as high altitude scientific research aircraft.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
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The Martin B-57 Canberra was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]-built, twin [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which entered service with the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (USAF) in 1953.
The B-57 was initially a version of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] built under license.
However, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] significantly modified the design and produced several unique variants.
A few are still in use by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] as high altitude scientific research aircraft.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
Foreign aircraft including the Canadian [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Canuck and the new Canberra — which had not officially entered service with the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (RAF) at the time — were also considered, an extremely rare move.
The AJ and B-45 were quickly dismissed because their outdated designs had limited growth potential.
The CF-100, an all-weather interceptor, was too small and lacked sufficient range.
The XB-51, while very promising and much faster, had limited maneuverability, a small weapons bay, and limited range and endurance.
The AJ and B-45 were quickly dismissed because their outdated designs had limited growth potential.
The CF-100, an all-weather interceptor, was too small and lacked sufficient range.
The XB-51, while very promising and much faster, had limited maneuverability, a small weapons bay, and limited range and endurance.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
Martin B-57B-MA Serial 52-1560 of the 71st Light Bomber Squadron - 1957.
This aircraft was also one of the "Black Knights" aerial acrobatic team.
After its withdrawal from France in 1958, this aircraft was eventually assigned to the 8th Tactical Bomb Squadron at Phan Rang Air Base South Vietnam and flew combat bombing missions into the late 1960s.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
This aircraft was also one of the "Black Knights" aerial acrobatic team.
After its withdrawal from France in 1958, this aircraft was eventually assigned to the 8th Tactical Bomb Squadron at Phan Rang Air Base South Vietnam and flew combat bombing missions into the late 1960s.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir cette image]
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
On February 21, 1951, a British Canberra B.2 (flown by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) became the first-ever jet to make a
non-stop unrefuelled flight across the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], arriving in the United States for USAF evaluation.
In a February 26 flyoff against the XB-51, the Canberra emerged a clear winner.
It was officially taken up by the USAF on May 25, 1951.
non-stop unrefuelled flight across the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], arriving in the United States for USAF evaluation.
In a February 26 flyoff against the XB-51, the Canberra emerged a clear winner.
It was officially taken up by the USAF on May 25, 1951.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
However, English Electric was unable to produce aircraft quickly enough for USAF requirements, and on April 3, 1951 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was granted a license to build Canberras, designated B-57 (Martin Model 272) in the US.
To expedite production, the first B-57As were largely identical to the Canberra B.2, with the exception of more powerful [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines of 7,200 lbf (32 kN) of thrust instead of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], also license-built in the US as Wright J65s.
To expedite production, the first B-57As were largely identical to the Canberra B.2, with the exception of more powerful [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines of 7,200 lbf (32 kN) of thrust instead of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], also license-built in the US as Wright J65s.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
In addition, canopy and fuselage windows were slightly revised, the crew was reduced from three to two, wingtip fuel tanks were added, engine nacelles were modified with additional cooling scoops, and the conventional "clamshell" bomb-bay doors were replaced with a low-drag rotating door originally designed for the XB-51.
The first production aircraft flew on July 20, 1953, and was accepted by USAF on August 20. During the production run from 1953 to 1957, a total of 403 B-57s were built.
The first production aircraft flew on July 20, 1953, and was accepted by USAF on August 20. During the production run from 1953 to 1957, a total of 403 B-57s were built.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
Operational history
The B-57A was not considered combat-ready by the USAF and the aircraft were used solely for testing and development. One of the aircraft was given to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) which fitted it with a new nose radome and used it to track [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The reason for such limited production was that the distinctly British B-57A was considered unfit for USAF service.
The B-57A was not considered combat-ready by the USAF and the aircraft were used solely for testing and development. One of the aircraft was given to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) which fitted it with a new nose radome and used it to track [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The reason for such limited production was that the distinctly British B-57A was considered unfit for USAF service.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
Particularly contentious were the odd cockpit arrangement and the lack of guns, the British Canberra having been designed as a high-speed, high altitude bomber rather than for close air support.
The definitive B-57B introduced a new tandem cockpit with a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the engines were now started with a pyrotechnic cartridge, the airbrakes were moved from the wings to the sides of the fuselage for increased effectiveness, the controls were now boosted, four hardpoints were fitted under the wings, and the aircraft was given gun armament in
the form of 8 x 0.50 in (12.7 mm) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in the wings, later replaced by 4 x 20 mm [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The definitive B-57B introduced a new tandem cockpit with a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the engines were now started with a pyrotechnic cartridge, the airbrakes were moved from the wings to the sides of the fuselage for increased effectiveness, the controls were now boosted, four hardpoints were fitted under the wings, and the aircraft was given gun armament in
the form of 8 x 0.50 in (12.7 mm) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in the wings, later replaced by 4 x 20 mm [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
The first B-57B flew on June 18, 1954.
The aircraft initially suffered from the same engine malfunctions as the RB-57As and several were lost in high-speed low-level operations due to a faulty tailplane actuator which caused the aircraft to dive into the ground.
The aircraft initially suffered from the same engine malfunctions as the RB-57As and several were lost in high-speed low-level operations due to a faulty tailplane actuator which caused the aircraft to dive into the ground.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
The USAF considered the B-57B inadequate for the night intruder role and Martin put all aircraft through an extensive [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] upgrade.
Regardless, by the end of 1957 the USAF tactical squadrons were being re-equipped with supersonic [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The complete retirement was delayed, however, by the start of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Regardless, by the end of 1957 the USAF tactical squadrons were being re-equipped with supersonic [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The complete retirement was delayed, however, by the start of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
Reconnaissance B-57s
While the USAF found the B-57A lacking, the photo reconnaissance RB-57A saw some operational use.
First flying in October 1953, RB-57As fully equipped the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by July 1954.
The aircraft were also deployed with USAF squadrons in Germany, France, and Japan.
However, operational readiness was poor and the aircraft suffered from significant production delays because of engine problems.
While the USAF found the B-57A lacking, the photo reconnaissance RB-57A saw some operational use.
First flying in October 1953, RB-57As fully equipped the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by July 1954.
The aircraft were also deployed with USAF squadrons in Germany, France, and Japan.
However, operational readiness was poor and the aircraft suffered from significant production delays because of engine problems.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] had subcontracted production of J65 engines to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which resulted in slow deliveries and a tendency for engine oil to enter the bleed air system, filling the cockpit with smoke.
The problems were ameliorated when Wright took over engine production in 1954.
The problems were ameliorated when Wright took over engine production in 1954.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
Re: English Electric Canberra
RB-57As also suffered from a high accident rate caused in part by poor single-engine handling.
This resulted in the entire fleet spending much of 1955 on the ground. By 1958, all RB-57A craft were replaced in active
service by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Air National Guard units extensively used the RB-57A for photographic surveys of the United States until 1971.
This resulted in the entire fleet spending much of 1955 on the ground. By 1958, all RB-57A craft were replaced in active
service by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Air National Guard units extensively used the RB-57A for photographic surveys of the United States until 1971.
BusT- CLUB
- Messages : 721
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