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aeronewsline :: Accueil :: Histoire :: Aéronefs 1920 à 1939
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Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 15:50
Common Rüstsatz kits: Bf 109G:
Common Umrüst-Bausatz (Umbau) numbers:
- R I (ETC 501/IX b bomb rack under the fuselage, fusing equipment for an SC 250 or SD 250 type 250 kg (550 lb) bomb)
- R II (ETC 50/VIII d bomb rack under the fuselage, fusing equipment, for four SC 50 type 50 kg (110 lb) bombs)
- R III (Schloß 503A-1 rack for one fuselage drop tank (300 L/80 US gal))
- R IV (two 30 mm (1.18 in) Rheinmetall-Borsig MK 108 underwing gunpods)
- R VI (two 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 underwing gunpods with 135 rpg)
- R VII (Peilrufanlage)
Common Umrüst-Bausatz (Umbau) numbers:
- U1 (Messerschmitt P6 reversible-pitch propeller to be used as air brake, only prototypes)
- U2 (GM-1 boost, during 1944 several hundred converted to MW-50 boost)
- U3 (Reconnaissance conversion, in autumn 1943 G-6/U3 adopted as G-8 production variant)
- U4 (30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 Motorkanone engine-mounted cannon)
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Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 15:53
Bf 109H
The Bf 109H was intended to be a high-altitude fighter, developed from the F-series.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was increased through the addition of new, constant-chord inner wing panels to 11.92 m (39.11 ft), and the widened stabilizer again received a supporting strut leading from the fuselage.
Maximum speed was 750 km/h (470 mph) at 10,100 m (33,140 ft). A small number of Bf 109 H-1s were built, flying several sorties over Britain and France.
Bf 109 H-2 and H-5 developments were also planned, but the entire H-series was scrapped because of wing flutter problems.
The Bf 109H was intended to be a high-altitude fighter, developed from the F-series.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was increased through the addition of new, constant-chord inner wing panels to 11.92 m (39.11 ft), and the widened stabilizer again received a supporting strut leading from the fuselage.
Maximum speed was 750 km/h (470 mph) at 10,100 m (33,140 ft). A small number of Bf 109 H-1s were built, flying several sorties over Britain and France.
Bf 109 H-2 and H-5 developments were also planned, but the entire H-series was scrapped because of wing flutter problems.
- H-0 (Pre-production aircraft, rebuilt from F-4/Z, powered by a DB 601E engine with GM-1 boost)
- H-1 (Production version, based on G-5 airframes, powered by a DB 605A engine with GM-1 boost)
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Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 15:56
Bf 109K "Kurfürst"
K-4
The Bf 109K was the last of the series to see operational duty and the last in the Bf 109 evolutionary line.
The K series was a response to the bewildering array of series, models, modification kits and factory conversions for the Bf 109, which made production and maintenance complicated and costly — something Germany could ill-afford late in the war.
The RLM ordered Messerschmitt to rationalise production of the Bf 109, consolidating parts, types, and so on, to produce a uniform, standard model with better interchangeability of parts and equipment.
At the same time, the existing flaws of the design were to be remedied.
Work on the new version began in the spring of 1943, and the prototype was ready by the autumn of that year.
Series production started in August 1944 with the K-4 model, due to changes in the design and delays with the new DB 605D powerplant.
The K-4 was the only version to be mass produced.
K-4
The Bf 109K was the last of the series to see operational duty and the last in the Bf 109 evolutionary line.
The K series was a response to the bewildering array of series, models, modification kits and factory conversions for the Bf 109, which made production and maintenance complicated and costly — something Germany could ill-afford late in the war.
The RLM ordered Messerschmitt to rationalise production of the Bf 109, consolidating parts, types, and so on, to produce a uniform, standard model with better interchangeability of parts and equipment.
At the same time, the existing flaws of the design were to be remedied.
Work on the new version began in the spring of 1943, and the prototype was ready by the autumn of that year.
Series production started in August 1944 with the K-4 model, due to changes in the design and delays with the new DB 605D powerplant.
The K-4 was the only version to be mass produced.
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Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 15:58
Externally the K series could be identified by changes in the locations of the radio equipment hatch, which was moved forward and to a higher position between frames four and five, and the filler point for the fuselage fuel tank, which was moved forward to a location between frames two and three.
In addition, the D/F loop was moved aft to sit between frames three and four on the top fuselage spine and a small circular plate above the footstep on the port side of the fuselage was deleted.
The rudder was fitted as standard with a Flettner tab and two fixed tabs although some rare examples were not fitted with the fixed tabs.
All K-4s were to be fitted with a long retractable tailwheel (350 x 135 mm/14 x 5 in) with two small clamshell doors covering the recess when the tail-wheel was retracted.
The wings featured the large rectangular fairings for the large 660 x 190 mm (26 x 7 in) main wheels.
Small wheel well doors, originally planned for the G series, were fitted to the outer ends of the wheel bays, covering the outer wheels when retracted.
These doors were often removed by front-line units.
The ailerons were fitted with small, adjustable trim tabs. The radio equipment was the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] with an antenna mast fitted under the port outer wing and FuG 25a IFF as well as the FuG 125 Hermine D/F equipment.
Internally, the oxygen bottles were relocated from the rear fuselage to the right wing.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] tabs for the ailerons were also to be fitted to serial production aircraft to reduce control forces, but are only seen on photos of later production aircraft.
In addition, the D/F loop was moved aft to sit between frames three and four on the top fuselage spine and a small circular plate above the footstep on the port side of the fuselage was deleted.
The rudder was fitted as standard with a Flettner tab and two fixed tabs although some rare examples were not fitted with the fixed tabs.
All K-4s were to be fitted with a long retractable tailwheel (350 x 135 mm/14 x 5 in) with two small clamshell doors covering the recess when the tail-wheel was retracted.
The wings featured the large rectangular fairings for the large 660 x 190 mm (26 x 7 in) main wheels.
Small wheel well doors, originally planned for the G series, were fitted to the outer ends of the wheel bays, covering the outer wheels when retracted.
These doors were often removed by front-line units.
The ailerons were fitted with small, adjustable trim tabs. The radio equipment was the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] with an antenna mast fitted under the port outer wing and FuG 25a IFF as well as the FuG 125 Hermine D/F equipment.
Internally, the oxygen bottles were relocated from the rear fuselage to the right wing.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] tabs for the ailerons were also to be fitted to serial production aircraft to reduce control forces, but are only seen on photos of later production aircraft.
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Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:01
Armament of the K-4 consisted of a 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 engine-mounted cannon (Motorkanone) with 65 rounds, and two 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131s in the nose with 300 rpg although some K-4s were fitted with the MG 151/20 as the Motorkanone.
Additional Rüstsätze, or equipment kits, such as a 300 L (80 US gal) drop tank (R III), bombs up to the size of
500 kg/1,100 lb (R I), underwing 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 cannon gondola pods (R IV) or 21 cm (8 in) Wfr.Gr. 21 rockets (as on the Gustav models) could be carried after minimal preparations;
the latter two however were rarely used by Bf 109 units at this stage of the war, but there is evidence that III./JG 26 were almost completely equipped with K-4s which were fitted with R IV.
In addition there were problems with the 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 Motorkanone:
The 30mm cannon were extremely potent weapons, but they had a tendency to jam, and apparently all of the K-4s supplied to III./JG 26 were also equipped with 20mm-guns in the hated underwing tubs. Uffz. Georg Genth's regular aircraft was a G-10, but on occasion he flew a K-4. He preferred the G-10 as a dogfighter, as the K-4's bulky armament sharply reduced its manouevrability.
Power was provided by a Daimler-Benz DB 605DM (early models) of 1,800 PS output and later the DB 605DB/DC powerplant with 1,850/2,000 PS output.
A wide-chord, three bladed VDM 9-12159 propeller of 3 m diameter was used, as on the G-6/AS, G-14/AS and G-10.
Additional Rüstsätze, or equipment kits, such as a 300 L (80 US gal) drop tank (R III), bombs up to the size of
500 kg/1,100 lb (R I), underwing 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 cannon gondola pods (R IV) or 21 cm (8 in) Wfr.Gr. 21 rockets (as on the Gustav models) could be carried after minimal preparations;
the latter two however were rarely used by Bf 109 units at this stage of the war, but there is evidence that III./JG 26 were almost completely equipped with K-4s which were fitted with R IV.
In addition there were problems with the 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 Motorkanone:
The 30mm cannon were extremely potent weapons, but they had a tendency to jam, and apparently all of the K-4s supplied to III./JG 26 were also equipped with 20mm-guns in the hated underwing tubs. Uffz. Georg Genth's regular aircraft was a G-10, but on occasion he flew a K-4. He preferred the G-10 as a dogfighter, as the K-4's bulky armament sharply reduced its manouevrability.
Power was provided by a Daimler-Benz DB 605DM (early models) of 1,800 PS output and later the DB 605DB/DC powerplant with 1,850/2,000 PS output.
A wide-chord, three bladed VDM 9-12159 propeller of 3 m diameter was used, as on the G-6/AS, G-14/AS and G-10.
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- Messages : 616
Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:04
Deliveries began in mid-October 1944. 534 examples had been delivered by the Messerschmitt A.G., Regensburg by the end of November 1944, and 856 by the end of the year.
Regensburg delivered a total of 1593 by the end of March 1945, after which production figures are missing.
With such a high rate of production, despite continuous heavy fighting, by the end of January 1945 314 K-4s - about every fourth 109 - were listed on hand with the 1st line Luftwaffe units.
Ultimately it was intended to equip all Bf 109 units with the 109K, which marked the final stage of 109 development before the jet age.
The Bf 109 K-4 was the fastest 109 of World War II, reaching 715 km/h (445 mph) at 7,500 m (24,610 ft) altitude; improved propellers were being developed when the war ended which would boost the speed to 727 km/h
(452 mph), and 741 km/h (460 mph) was expected with a swept-back propeller design.
Rate of climb was outstanding 4,820 ft (1,470 m)/min at 1.98 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The standard Revi 16C [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was fitted, which was to be replaced later by the EZ 42 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
With such improvements in performance, the Bf 109 remained comparable to opposing fighters until the end of the war.
However, the deteriorating ability of the thousands of novice Luftwaffe pilots by this stage of the war meant the 109's strengths were of little value against the numerous and well-trained Allied fighter pilots.
Regensburg delivered a total of 1593 by the end of March 1945, after which production figures are missing.
With such a high rate of production, despite continuous heavy fighting, by the end of January 1945 314 K-4s - about every fourth 109 - were listed on hand with the 1st line Luftwaffe units.
Ultimately it was intended to equip all Bf 109 units with the 109K, which marked the final stage of 109 development before the jet age.
The Bf 109 K-4 was the fastest 109 of World War II, reaching 715 km/h (445 mph) at 7,500 m (24,610 ft) altitude; improved propellers were being developed when the war ended which would boost the speed to 727 km/h
(452 mph), and 741 km/h (460 mph) was expected with a swept-back propeller design.
Rate of climb was outstanding 4,820 ft (1,470 m)/min at 1.98 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
The standard Revi 16C [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was fitted, which was to be replaced later by the EZ 42 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
With such improvements in performance, the Bf 109 remained comparable to opposing fighters until the end of the war.
However, the deteriorating ability of the thousands of novice Luftwaffe pilots by this stage of the war meant the 109's strengths were of little value against the numerous and well-trained Allied fighter pilots.
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- Messages : 616
Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:09
Other Bf 109K projects and prototypes
Several other versions were projected based on the 109K airframe - K-6, K-8, K-10 and K-14.
In the proposed K-6 the armament would have been two 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 above the engine, along with a 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 Motorkanone and an internally-mounted MK 108 in each wing, with 45 rpg.
Alternatively, the wing MK 108s could be substituted by 20 mm MG 151/20s, with 100 rpg.
Armour weight was increased to 200 lb (91 kg).
Takeoff weight was 7,986 lb (3,622 kg). Some K-6 prototypes were built and tested at the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] weapons-testing centre.
Project drawings of the K-8 show an K-series airframe powered by the two-stage DB 605L high altitude engine, a high-velocity 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 103mot Motorkanone, and two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannons in the wings; the cowl 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131s were dispensed with.
Some sources point to limited use of the K-14, intended as high-altitude heavy fighter.
Two airframes are listed as delivered to II./JG52 under Major Wilhelm Batz in late spring of 1945, these being armed with only one 30 mm (1.18 in) cannon, but the type's existence cannot be positively confirmed.
The K-14 was to be powered by the two-stage supercharged DB 605L engine, the use of a four bladed propeller 460 mph (740 km/h), and an operational altitude of 38,000 ft (12,000 m) was projected.
Armour and armament were otherwise similar to the K-6.
Several other versions were projected based on the 109K airframe - K-6, K-8, K-10 and K-14.
In the proposed K-6 the armament would have been two 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 above the engine, along with a 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 Motorkanone and an internally-mounted MK 108 in each wing, with 45 rpg.
Alternatively, the wing MK 108s could be substituted by 20 mm MG 151/20s, with 100 rpg.
Armour weight was increased to 200 lb (91 kg).
Takeoff weight was 7,986 lb (3,622 kg). Some K-6 prototypes were built and tested at the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] weapons-testing centre.
Project drawings of the K-8 show an K-series airframe powered by the two-stage DB 605L high altitude engine, a high-velocity 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 103mot Motorkanone, and two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannons in the wings; the cowl 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131s were dispensed with.
Some sources point to limited use of the K-14, intended as high-altitude heavy fighter.
Two airframes are listed as delivered to II./JG52 under Major Wilhelm Batz in late spring of 1945, these being armed with only one 30 mm (1.18 in) cannon, but the type's existence cannot be positively confirmed.
The K-14 was to be powered by the two-stage supercharged DB 605L engine, the use of a four bladed propeller 460 mph (740 km/h), and an operational altitude of 38,000 ft (12,000 m) was projected.
Armour and armament were otherwise similar to the K-6.
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- Messages : 616
Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:12
Common Rüstsatz kits, Bf 109K
- R I ETC 501/IX b or Schloß 503belly bomb rack, fusing equipment for fitting a 250 kg (550 lb) or 500 kg
(1,100 lb) bomb - R III Schloß 503A-1 rack for one fuselage drop tank (300 L/80 US gal).
- R IV two 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 underwing gunpods with 135 rpg.
- R VI BSK 16 gun-camera in the left wing between nose ribs 3 and 4.
- K-0 Pre-production aircraft, powered by a DB 605DM engine
- K-2 proposed version without pressurized cockpit
- K-4 only serial production version without pressurized cockpit, powered by a DB 605DM, DB or DC engine
- K-6 proposed heavy fighter version, as K-4
with reinforced wings holding two additional 30 mm MK 108 cannons and additional armour - K-8 proposed reconnaissance version, equipment similar to G-8
- K-10 proposed version, similar to K-6, MK 103M engine cannon instead of MK 108
- K-12 proposed version, dual-seat trainer similar to G-12
- K-14 proposed version, similar to K-6, powered by a DB 605L engine
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Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:14
Bf 109X
As the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] became available, a Bf 109F, Werknummer 5608, callsign D-ITXP was converted with a BMW 801 A-0.
This aircraft became a prototype for the Bf 109X.
The fuselage had a wider cross-section, and a new canopy was fitted.
The wing tips were akin to that of the Bf 109E.
The prototype was first flown by Flugkapitän [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on 2 September 1940, and the test flights continued despite troubles with the BMW 801A powerplant.
Development was stopped in early 1942.
As the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] became available, a Bf 109F, Werknummer 5608, callsign D-ITXP was converted with a BMW 801 A-0.
This aircraft became a prototype for the Bf 109X.
The fuselage had a wider cross-section, and a new canopy was fitted.
The wing tips were akin to that of the Bf 109E.
The prototype was first flown by Flugkapitän [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on 2 September 1940, and the test flights continued despite troubles with the BMW 801A powerplant.
Development was stopped in early 1942.
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- Messages : 616
Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:16
Bf 109Z "Zwilling"
This experimental aircraft was essentially two Bf 109F airframes (together with outer wing panels) joined together by means of a new wing, and new tail section, in a manner paralleled by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
In the preproduction model, the right fuselage cockpit was faired over and the pilot flew the aircraft from the left side fuselage.
Four variants of this aircraft were proposed, one an interceptor armed with five 30 mm (1.18 in) cannons, and up to a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb load, the second a fighter bomber version, armed with two MK 108 cannons and up to two 2,200 lb. bombs.
Both airframes were to be powered by the DB605 engine.
A third and fourth were designed on paper and would be similar to the first two airframes but powered by Jumo 213 engines.
Only one Bf 109Z was built, and it was never flown, having been damaged in an Allied bombing raid while in hangar and the project was permanently abandoned in 1944.
This experimental aircraft was essentially two Bf 109F airframes (together with outer wing panels) joined together by means of a new wing, and new tail section, in a manner paralleled by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
In the preproduction model, the right fuselage cockpit was faired over and the pilot flew the aircraft from the left side fuselage.
Four variants of this aircraft were proposed, one an interceptor armed with five 30 mm (1.18 in) cannons, and up to a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb load, the second a fighter bomber version, armed with two MK 108 cannons and up to two 2,200 lb. bombs.
Both airframes were to be powered by the DB605 engine.
A third and fourth were designed on paper and would be similar to the first two airframes but powered by Jumo 213 engines.
Only one Bf 109Z was built, and it was never flown, having been damaged in an Allied bombing raid while in hangar and the project was permanently abandoned in 1944.
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- Messages : 616
Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 16:20
Fin du sous chapitre Variantes du Bf 109
Reprise du chapitre de base sur Wikipedia, au sujet du Bf 109 :
-------------------------------------------------------
Then the Bf 109 was firstn designed in 1934, by a team led by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range bomber interceptor.
The 109 was also designed to take advantage of the most advanced aerodynamics of the time and embodied structural
techniques which were an advance on its contemporaries.
In the years of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the Bf 109 was the only single engined fighter operated by the Luftwaffe, until the appearance of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Reprise du chapitre de base sur Wikipedia, au sujet du Bf 109 :
-------------------------------------------------------
Then the Bf 109 was firstn designed in 1934, by a team led by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range bomber interceptor.
The 109 was also designed to take advantage of the most advanced aerodynamics of the time and embodied structural
techniques which were an advance on its contemporaries.
In the years of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the Bf 109 was the only single engined fighter operated by the Luftwaffe, until the appearance of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
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- Messages : 616
Re: Messerschmitt Bf 109
par Tropique3 Mer 03 Mar 2010, 18:42
The 109 remained in production from 1937 through to 1945 embodying many different variants and sub-variants;
the primary engines were Daimler-Benz [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], with the Junkers [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] powering the most of the pre-war variants.
The most produced Bf 109 model was the 109G-series; more than a third of all 109s built were the G-6 series, with some 12,000 units being manufactured from March 1943.
The initial production models of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were powered by the relatively low-powered, 670-700 PS Junkers [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] series engines.
A handful of prototypes of these early aircraft were converted to use the more powerful DB 600.
the primary engines were Daimler-Benz [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], with the Junkers [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] powering the most of the pre-war variants.
The most produced Bf 109 model was the 109G-series; more than a third of all 109s built were the G-6 series, with some 12,000 units being manufactured from March 1943.
The initial production models of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were powered by the relatively low-powered, 670-700 PS Junkers [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] series engines.
A handful of prototypes of these early aircraft were converted to use the more powerful DB 600.
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