Boeing B-47 Stratojet
5 participants
aeronewsline :: Accueil :: Histoire :: Aéronefs 1945 à 1955
Page 4 sur 40
Page 4 sur 40 • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... 22 ... 40
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
Development
The B-47 arose from a 1943 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] requirement for a jet bomber and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] that could reach Nazi Germany in the event that [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] fell.
The next year, the requirement evolved into a formal request for a bomber with a specified speed of 500 mph (800 km/h) or more, a range of 3,500 mi (5,600 km), and a service ceiling of 40,000 ft (12,200 m), using the nascent [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engine.
The B-47 arose from a 1943 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] requirement for a jet bomber and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] that could reach Nazi Germany in the event that [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] fell.
The next year, the requirement evolved into a formal request for a bomber with a specified speed of 500 mph (800 km/h) or more, a range of 3,500 mi (5,600 km), and a service ceiling of 40,000 ft (12,200 m), using the nascent [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engine.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
The subsequent [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] inspected [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] laboratories from 1 May- July 1945 where one of Boeing's chief
aerodynamicists, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], wrote a letter to Boeing management suggesting the collected aerodynamic data be investigated.
aerodynamicists, [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], wrote a letter to Boeing management suggesting the collected aerodynamic data be investigated.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
Preliminary designs
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] submitted proposals.
The first Boeing proposal, the Model 424, was a modification of a conventional propeller-driven bomber design, basically a scaled-down version of the Boeing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] fitted with four jet engines.
The USAAF awarded study contracts to all three aircraft manufacturers working on the jet bomber project, as well as to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which had also decided to join the fray.
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] submitted proposals.
The first Boeing proposal, the Model 424, was a modification of a conventional propeller-driven bomber design, basically a scaled-down version of the Boeing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] fitted with four jet engines.
The USAAF awarded study contracts to all three aircraft manufacturers working on the jet bomber project, as well as to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], which had also decided to join the fray.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
All of the competing bombers, including the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] would have conventional straight wings with four to six engines, restricting their performance compared to the swept wing B-47.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
NACA design tests
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (NACA, the ancestor of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) performed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] tests on a composite model of the designs submitted by the manufacturers, (The three submissions were generally similar).
The NACA wind tunnel tests showed that the Boeing model suffered from excessive drag.
Boeing engineers then tried a revised design, the Model 432, with the four engines buried in the forward fuselage, but
although it had some structural advantages there was little effect on drag.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] (NACA, the ancestor of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]) performed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] tests on a composite model of the designs submitted by the manufacturers, (The three submissions were generally similar).
The NACA wind tunnel tests showed that the Boeing model suffered from excessive drag.
Boeing engineers then tried a revised design, the Model 432, with the four engines buried in the forward fuselage, but
although it had some structural advantages there was little effect on drag.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
At this point Boeing engineers turned to the German swept-wing data.
A little design work by Boeing aerodynamicist [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] led to an optimum sweepback of 35 degrees.
Boeing modified the Model 432 design with swept wings and tail, resulting in the Model 448, which was presented to the USAAF in September 1946.
The Model 448 retained the four TG-180 engines in the forward fuselage and, at the instigation of project manager [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], added two more TG-180s buried in the rear fuselage to provide greater range and performance.
The Model 448 was rejected immediately;
The Air Force strongly disliked fitting the engines in the fuselage, since that made engine fires or disintegration catastrophic, preferring the engines to be mounted on the wings.
A little design work by Boeing aerodynamicist [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] led to an optimum sweepback of 35 degrees.
Boeing modified the Model 432 design with swept wings and tail, resulting in the Model 448, which was presented to the USAAF in September 1946.
The Model 448 retained the four TG-180 engines in the forward fuselage and, at the instigation of project manager [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], added two more TG-180s buried in the rear fuselage to provide greater range and performance.
The Model 448 was rejected immediately;
The Air Force strongly disliked fitting the engines in the fuselage, since that made engine fires or disintegration catastrophic, preferring the engines to be mounted on the wings.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
The engines were moved out to streamlined pods pylon mounted under the wings, leading to the next iteration, the Model 450, which featured two TG-180s in a twin pod mounted on a pylon about a third of the way outboard on each wing, plus another engine at each wingtip.
The Air Force liked the new configuration, and so the Boeing team continued to refine it, developing a bicycle undercarriage, housed in the fuselage, as there was no space for landing gear in the thin wings, and a conventional [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in the fuselage would have been excessively heavy and have poor stability during ground handling.
The Air Force liked the new configuration, and so the Boeing team continued to refine it, developing a bicycle undercarriage, housed in the fuselage, as there was no space for landing gear in the thin wings, and a conventional [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in the fuselage would have been excessively heavy and have poor stability during ground handling.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
The solution used was a "bicycle" landing gear configuration, with the two main gear assemblies arranged in a tandem configuration and outrigger struts fitted to the inboard engine pods, similar to the concept already tested on a modified Martin [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Bicycle landing gears make rotation during take-off impossible, so the landing gear was arranged with the incidence required for take-off built in, giving the machine the appearance of being ready to leap into the air even when it was sitting still.
Bicycle landing gears make rotation during take-off impossible, so the landing gear was arranged with the incidence required for take-off built in, giving the machine the appearance of being ready to leap into the air even when it was sitting still.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
There were some other tweaks to the design, such as a wingtip extension to improve range.
This had the effect of moving the outboard engines from a wingtip position to an underwing position at approx ¾ span.
This had the effect of moving the outboard engines from a wingtip position to an underwing position at approx ¾ span.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
USAAF selects Boeing
The USAAF was very pleased with the refined Model 450 design, and in April 1947, the service ordered two prototypes, to be designated "XB-47". Assembly began in June 1947.
People involved with the project were very excited, since they believed (correctly as it turned out) they were working on a breakthrough in aircraft design.
The USAAF was very pleased with the refined Model 450 design, and in April 1947, the service ordered two prototypes, to be designated "XB-47". Assembly began in June 1947.
People involved with the project were very excited, since they believed (correctly as it turned out) they were working on a breakthrough in aircraft design.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Re: Boeing B-47 Stratojet
The aircraft flew from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in central [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] state, in a flight that lasted 52 minutes, with no major problems, except that Robbins had to pull up the flaps with the emergency hydraulic system and the engine fire warning lights kept popping on;
the sensor technology being very unreliable at the time.
Robbins reported that the flight characteristics of the aircraft were good.
the sensor technology being very unreliable at the time.
Robbins reported that the flight characteristics of the aircraft were good.
Choste- CLUB
- Messages : 408
Page 4 sur 40 • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... 22 ... 40
aeronewsline :: Accueil :: Histoire :: Aéronefs 1945 à 1955
Page 4 sur 40
Permission de ce forum:
Vous ne pouvez pas répondre aux sujets dans ce forum