Bristol Jupiter

Le Bristol Jupiter sur Wikipedia.en

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The Bristol Jupiter was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] nine-cylinder single-row piston [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] built by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Originally designed late in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.

The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s.

Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under license.

A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced.


Design and development

The Jupiter was designed during [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

During the rapid downscaling of military spending after the war, Cosmos became [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1920, and was eventually purchased by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on the strengths of the Jupiter design and the encouragement of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

The engine matured into one of the most reliable on the market.

It was the first air-cooled engine to pass the Air Ministry full-throttle test, the first to be equipped with automatic boost control, and the first to be fitted to airliners.

The Jupiter was fairly standard in design, but featured four valves per cylinder, which was uncommon at the time.

The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were machined from steel forgings, and the cast [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were later replaced with aluminium alloy following studies by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

In 1927, a change was made to move to a forged head design due to the rejection rate of the castings.

The Jupiter VII introduced a mechanically driven supercharger to the design, and the Jupiter VIII was the first to be fitted with reduction gear.

In 1925, Fedden started designing a replacement for the Jupiter.

Using a shorter stroke to increase the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and including a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for added power, resulted in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] of 1927.

Applying the same techniques to the original Jupiter-sized engine in 1927 resulted in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]. Neither engine would fully replace the Jupiter for a few years.

Licensed production


The Jupiter saw widespread use in licensed versions, with fourteen countries eventually producing the engine. In [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] produced a version known as the Gnome-Rhône 9 Jupiter which was used in several local civilian designs, as well as achieving some export success.

[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] took out a license in Germany and produced several versions of increasing power, eventually resulting in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Fafnir, which saw use in wartime models.

In [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], the Jupiter was license-built from 1924 by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], forming the basis of their own subsequent radial aero-engine design, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

It was produced in Poland as the PZL Bristol Jupiter, in Italy as the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and in [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

The most produced version was in the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], where their [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] M-22 version powered the famous [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] which was built in the thousands. Production started in 1918 and ceased in 1930.

Variants


The Jupiter was produced in many variants, one of which was the Bristol Orion of 1926. [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] problems with this turbo-supercharged engine caused the project to be abandoned after only nine engines had been built.^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}

Brazil Straker Jupiter I

(1918) 400 hp. Two built.

Cosmos Jupiter II

(1918) 400 hp. One built.

Bristol Jupiter II

(1923) 400 hp.

Bristol Jupiter III

(1923) 400 hp.
Bristol Jupiter IV

(1926) 430 hp. Variable valve timing, Bristol Triplex carburettor.

Bristol Jupiter V

(1925) 480 hp.

Bristol Jupiter VI

(1927) 520 hp. Produced in both high (6.3:1) and low (5.3:1) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

Bristol Jupiter VIA

(1927) 440 hp. Civil version of Jupiter VI.

Bristol Jupiter VIFH

(1932) 440 hp. Equipped with gas starter motor.

Bristol Jupiter VIFL

(1932) 440 hp. Compression ratio 5.15:1.

Bristol Jupiter VIFM

(1932) 440 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.

Bristol Jupiter VIFS

(1932) 400 hp. Compression ratio 6.3:1.

Bristol Jupiter VII

(1928) 375 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1, fully supercharged. Built by Gnome-Rhone as the 9ASB.

Bristol Jupiter VIIF

(1929) 480 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.

Bristol Jupiter VIIF.P

(1930) 480 hp. 'P' for pressure feed lubrication to wrist-pins.

Bristol Jupiter VIII

(1929) 440 hp. Jupiter VI but compression ratio increased to 6.3:1.

Bristol Jupiter VIIIF

(1929) 460 hp. Jupiter VIII with forged cylinder heads and lowered compression ratio (5.8:1).

Bristol Jupiter VIIIF.P

(1929) 460 hp. As Jupiter VIII with pressure feed lubrication ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] at this stage in development was only 150 hours due to multiple failures).

Bristol Jupiter IX

480 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.

Bristol Jupiter IXF

550 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.

Bristol Jupiter X

470 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.

Bristol Jupiter XF

540 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.

Bristol Jupiter XFA

483 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.

Bristol Jupiter XFAM

580 hp.

Bristol Jupiter XFBM

580 hp.

Bristol Jupiter XFS

Fully supercharged.

Bristol Jupiter XI

Compression ratio 5.15:1.

Bristol Jupiter XIF

500 hp. Compression ratio 5.15:1.

Bristol Jupiter XIFA

480 hp. As Jupiter XIF with 0.656:1 reduction ratio

Bristol Jupiter XIF.P

525 hp. As Jupiter XIF with pressure feed lubrication.

Bristol Orion I

(1926) Jupiter III, turbo-supercharged, abandoned programme.

Specifications (Jupiter XFA)


Data from Lumsden^{[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]}

General characteristics

• Type: Nine-cylinder, naturally aspirated, air-cooled [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
  
• Bore: 5.75 in (146 mm)
  
• Stroke: 7.5 in (190 mm)
  
• Displacement: 1,753 in³ (28.7 L)
  
• Diameter: 54.5 in (1,384 mm)
  
• Dry weight: 995 lb (451 kg)
  

Components

• [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: Overhead poppet valve, four valves per cylinder, two intake and two exhaust
  
• [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: Single speed, single stage
  
• Fuel type: 73-77 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
  
• Cooling system: Air-cooled