Tupolev Tu-12. Ту-12
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Tupolev Tu-12. Ту-12
Le biréacteur >Tupolev présenté sur Wikipedia in english :
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The Tupolev Tu-12 (development designation Tu-77) was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet-powered medium bomber developed from the successful piston-engined [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] bomber after the end of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
It was designed as a transitional aircraft to familiarize [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] with the issues involved with jet-engined bombers.
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The Tupolev Tu-12 (development designation Tu-77) was a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet-powered medium bomber developed from the successful piston-engined [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] bomber after the end of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
It was designed as a transitional aircraft to familiarize [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] with the issues involved with jet-engined bombers.
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Development
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet-engined bomber was suffering delays in early 1947 and Tupolev suggested re-engining the Tu-2 medium bomber with imported British [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet engines to produce a jet bomber as quickly as possible.
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet-engined bomber was suffering delays in early 1947 and Tupolev suggested re-engining the Tu-2 medium bomber with imported British [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet engines to produce a jet bomber as quickly as possible.
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Design work began well before official approval was received on 31 May 1947 for one Tu-2S to be converted in the OKB's workshop and another five to be converted at Zavod (Factory) Nr. 23, but construction of the prototype had already begun in early May under the bureau designation Tu-77.
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Changes from the standard Tu-2 were minimized to speed production and they consisted of the following:
- Two Nene jet engines replaced the standard [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]FN [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
- The wing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was reduced to 3° from 6°.
- The fuselage was lengthened 400 mm (16 in) and the rear fuselage was heightened by 300 mm (12 in).
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- A new tricycle [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] was fitted, with the main gear units retracting into the engine nacelles.
- Additional fuel tanks were fitted and the design of the tanks was changed to accommodate the change from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
- The control system was revised and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were fitted to the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
- The wing and tail were reinforced.
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The 20 mm (0.79 in) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] were removed from the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and a 23 mm (0.91 in) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] cannon was mounted in an external fairing on the starboard side of the nose.
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The prototype was completed in July and was first flown on 27 July 1947.
Two aircraft were shown at the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Aviation Day Display on 3 August 1947.
It completed its manufacturer's trials in September and underwent the State acceptance trials from 4 October 1947–27 February 1948 where it was redesignated as the Tu-12.
The NII VVS (Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot Voyenno-Vozdooshnykh Seel – Air Force Scientific Test Institute) report summarized the differences between the Tu-2 and the Tu-12 as follows: "a considerable gain in speed, an improved rate of climb, a higher service ceiling, but poorer field performance and a considerably greater fuel load required to achieve the same range as the Tu-2."
Major problems noted were the lack of a pressurized cabin that greatly reduced its effectiveness at high altitude and the lack of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] equipment for the wing and tail leading edges and the cockpit glazing.
Two aircraft were shown at the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Aviation Day Display on 3 August 1947.
It completed its manufacturer's trials in September and underwent the State acceptance trials from 4 October 1947–27 February 1948 where it was redesignated as the Tu-12.
The NII VVS (Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot Voyenno-Vozdooshnykh Seel – Air Force Scientific Test Institute) report summarized the differences between the Tu-2 and the Tu-12 as follows: "a considerable gain in speed, an improved rate of climb, a higher service ceiling, but poorer field performance and a considerably greater fuel load required to achieve the same range as the Tu-2."
Major problems noted were the lack of a pressurized cabin that greatly reduced its effectiveness at high altitude and the lack of [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] equipment for the wing and tail leading edges and the cockpit glazing.
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The greater speeds made it virtually impossible to traverse and elevate the manually operated VUB-68 and Lu-68 gun turrets.
The vibration of the NS-23 cannon when firing rendered the equipment in the navigator's cabin unusable and damaged the cabin glazing.
The vibration of the NS-23 cannon when firing rendered the equipment in the navigator's cabin unusable and damaged the cabin glazing.
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The trials conducted by the NII VVS included engagements between the Tu-12 and the Soviet [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] jet fighters which were very useful in evaluating the offensive armament of the fighters, the defensive armament of the
bomber and the proper tactics involved for both types of aircraft.
bomber and the proper tactics involved for both types of aircraft.
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Re: Tupolev Tu-12. Ту-12
The tests clearly demonstrated the inferiority of the current 12.7 mm (0.50 in) armament and meant that every Soviet bomber henceforth would have a defensive armament using power-operated turrets that carried guns 20 mm or larger.
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The five aircraft modified by the factory were given the Klimov RD-45 engine, the Soviet unlicensed copy of the Nene engine, and all six aircraft were used by the VVS for aircrew familiarization and training.
Later they were relegated to test duties. One was used for drone tests and another, redesignated as the Tu-12LL, mounted various [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on a pylon above the fuselage.
Later they were relegated to test duties. One was used for drone tests and another, redesignated as the Tu-12LL, mounted various [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] on a pylon above the fuselage.
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