Re: Junkers Ju 88

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 09:18

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 09:20

The aircraft's first flight was made by the prototype Ju 88V1, which bore the civil registration D-AQEN, on 21 December 1936.

When it first flew, it managed about 580 km/h (360 mph) and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], head of the Luftwaffe was ecstatic.

It was an aircraft that could finally fulfill the promise of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], a high-speed bomber.

The streamlined fuselage was modeled after its contemporary, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], but with fewer defensive guns because the belief still held that it could outrun late 1930s-era fighters.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 09:21

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 09:22

The fifth prototype set a 1,000 km (620 mi) closed-circuit record in March 1939, carrying a 2,000 kg (4,410 lb)
payload at a speed of 517 km/h (320 mph).

However, by the time Luftwaffe planners had had their own "pet" features added (including dive-bombing), the Ju 88's top speed had dropped to around 450 km/h (280 mph).

The Ju 88V7 was fitted with cable-cutting equipment to combat the potential threat of British [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and was successfully tested in this role.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 09:22

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:10

The V7 then had the Ju 88 A-1 nose installed, complete with the Bola undernose ventral defensive [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] emplacement, and was put through a series of dive-bombing tests with 250 kg (550 lb) and 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs, and in early 1940, with 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bombs.

The Ju 88V8 (DG+BF, Wrk Nr 4948) flew on the 3 October 1938.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:11

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:12

The A-0 series was developed through the V9 and V10 prototypes.

The A-1 series prototypes were Wrk Nrs 0003, 0004 and 0005.

The A-1s were given the Jumo 211B-1 or G powerplants.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:13

Un Junkers Jumo 211

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:14

Dr. Heinrich Koppenberg (managing director of Jumo) assured Göring in the autumn of 1938 that 300 Ju 88s per month was definitely possible.

Göring was in favour of the A-1 variant for mass production.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:15

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:16

Production was delayed drastically with developmental problems.

Although planned for a service introduction in 1938, the Ju 88 finally entered squadron service (with only 12 aircraft) on the first day of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1939.

Production was painfully slow with only one Ju 88 manufactured per week, as problems continually kept cropping up.

The Ju 88C series of heavy fighter was also designed very early in 1940, but kept secret from Göring, as he only wanted bombers.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:17

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:17

Versatility and operational development

Dive bomber

In October 1937 Generalluftzeugmeister [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] had ordered the development of the Ju 88 as a heavy dive bomber.

This decision was influenced by the success of the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Stuka in this role.

The Junkers development center at [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] gave priority to the study of pull-out systems, and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:18

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:19

The first prototype to be tested as a dive bomber was the Ju 88V4 followed by the V5 and V6.

These models became the planned prototype for the A-1 series.

The V5 made its maiden flight on 13 April 1938, and the V6 on 28 June 1938.

Both the V5 and V6 were fitted with four-blade propellers, an extra bomb bay and a central "control system".

As a dive bomber, the Ju 88 was capable of pinpoint deliveries of heavy loads; however, despite all the modifications, dive bombing still proved too stressful for the airframe, and in 1943, tactics were changed so that bombs were
delivered from a shallower, 45° diving angle.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:19

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:20

Aircraft and bomb sights were accordingly modified and dive brakes were removed.

With an advanced Stuvi dive-[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], accuracy remained very good for its time.

Maximum bomb load of the A-4 was 2,500 kg (5,510 lb), but in practice, standard bomb load was 1,500-2,000 kg (3,310-4,410 lb).

Junkers later used the A-4 [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for the A-17 torpedo carrier.

However, the variant lacked a ventral gun position.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:21

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:22

Fighter-bomber

The standard fighter-bomber version became the Ju 88C-6, applying experience acquired with the A-4 bomber, equipped with the same Jumo 211J engines.

The C-6 was used mostly as [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and therefore assigned to bomber units.

As a reaction to the increasing number of attacks on German shipping, especially on U-boats in the Bay of Biscay, from July 1942 started flying anti-shipping patrols and escort missions from bases in France.
V/.[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] being formed to operate the C-6.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:23

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:23

The aircraft of V./KG 40 (which was redesignated I./[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 1943) were a significant threat to the antisubmarine aircraft and operated as escort fighters for the more vulnerable [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Condor bombers.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:24

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par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:25

Between July 1942 and July 1944, the Ju 88s of KG 40 and ZG 1 were credited with 109 confirmed air-to air victories, at a cost of 117 losses.

They were finally deployed against the Allied [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in June 1944, incurring heavy losses for little effect before being disbanded on 5 August 1944.

par PShard Jeu 18 Mar 2010, 10:25

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