Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
One Whitley II, K7243, was used as a test bed for the 1,200 hp 21 cylinder radial [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]
engine, first flying with the Deerhound in 1938.
The addition of a retractable two-gun ventral "dustbin" [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and the replacement of the manually operated nose turret with a powered [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] turret resulted in the Whitley Mk III.
While the Tiger VIIIs used in the Whitley II and III were more reliable than those used in early aircraft, the Whitley was re-engined with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines in 1938 giving rise to the Whitley Mk IV.
engine, first flying with the Deerhound in 1938.
The addition of a retractable two-gun ventral "dustbin" [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and the replacement of the manually operated nose turret with a powered [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] turret resulted in the Whitley Mk III.
While the Tiger VIIIs used in the Whitley II and III were more reliable than those used in early aircraft, the Whitley was re-engined with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] engines in 1938 giving rise to the Whitley Mk IV.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
These demonstrated greatly improved performance, and the decision was made to introduce a series of other minor upgrades to produce the Whitley Mk V.
The modifications included modified fins, leading edge de-icing, manually operated tail and retractable ventral turrets
replaced with a Nash & Thompson powered turret equipped with four [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Browning machine guns, tail fuselage extended by 15 in (381 mm) to improve the field of fire.
The Mk V would be the most-produced version of the Whitley, with 1,466 built until production finally ended in June 1943.
The modifications included modified fins, leading edge de-icing, manually operated tail and retractable ventral turrets
replaced with a Nash & Thompson powered turret equipped with four [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Browning machine guns, tail fuselage extended by 15 in (381 mm) to improve the field of fire.
The Mk V would be the most-produced version of the Whitley, with 1,466 built until production finally ended in June 1943.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
Early marks of the Whitley had bomb bay doors that were kept closed by [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], and opened by the weight of the
released bombs falling on them.
Even the tiny random delay in time that it took for the doors to open led to highly inaccurate bombing performance.
The Mk.III introduced hydraulically actuated doors which greatly improved bombing accuracy.
To aim bombs, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] opened a hatch in the nose of the aircraft which extended the bombsight out of the fuselage, but to everyone's comfort, the Mk IV replaced this hatch with a slightly extended transparency.
released bombs falling on them.
Even the tiny random delay in time that it took for the doors to open led to highly inaccurate bombing performance.
The Mk.III introduced hydraulically actuated doors which greatly improved bombing accuracy.
To aim bombs, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] opened a hatch in the nose of the aircraft which extended the bombsight out of the fuselage, but to everyone's comfort, the Mk IV replaced this hatch with a slightly extended transparency.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
Operational history
The Whitley first entered service with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in March 1937, replacing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] biplanes, and by
the outbreak of the Second World War, seven squadrons were operational with the Whitley.
The majority were flying Whitley IIIs or IVs as the Whitley V had only just been introduced.
Along with the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], Whitleys bore the brunt of the early fighting, and saw action on the first night of the war when they [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] over [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Amongst the many aircrew who flew the Whitley in operations over Germany was the later to be famous [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] who spent most of his first three years at war flying Whitleys.
The Whitley first entered service with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in March 1937, replacing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] biplanes, and by
the outbreak of the Second World War, seven squadrons were operational with the Whitley.
The majority were flying Whitley IIIs or IVs as the Whitley V had only just been introduced.
Along with the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], Whitleys bore the brunt of the early fighting, and saw action on the first night of the war when they [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] over [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Amongst the many aircrew who flew the Whitley in operations over Germany was the later to be famous [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] who spent most of his first three years at war flying Whitleys.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
However, unlike the Hampden and Wellington – which met specification B.9/32 for a day bomber – the Whitley was always intended for night operations, and so did not share the early heavy losses received in attempted daylight raids on German shipping early in the war.
Along with Hampdens, the Whitley made the first bombing raid on German soil on the night of 19/20 March 1940, attacking the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] base on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Whitleys also carried out the first RAF raid on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 11/12 June 1940.
Along with Hampdens, the Whitley made the first bombing raid on German soil on the night of 19/20 March 1940, attacking the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] base on the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
Whitleys also carried out the first RAF raid on [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] in 11/12 June 1940.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
As the oldest of the three bombers, the Whitley was obsolete by the start of the war, yet over 1,000 more were produced before a suitable replacement was found.
A particular problem with the twin-engine aircraft was that it could not maintain altitude on one engine.
A particular problem with the twin-engine aircraft was that it could not maintain altitude on one engine.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
With [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], Whitleys flew 8,996 operations, dropped 9,845 tons (8,931 tonnes) of bombs with 269 aircraft
lost in action.
The Whitley was retired from all front line service in late 1942 but it continued to operate as a transport for troops and
freight, as well as for paratroop training and towing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] used Whitleys to carry airborne [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
lost in action.
The Whitley was retired from all front line service in late 1942 but it continued to operate as a transport for troops and
freight, as well as for paratroop training and towing [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
[Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] used Whitleys to carry airborne [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien].
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
The [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] operated 15 Whitley Mk Vs converted into freighters in 1942.
Running night supply flights from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], they took seven hours to reach the island, often landing during air
attacks.
They used large quantities of fuel for a small payload and were replaced in August 1942 by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien],
with the 14 surviving examples being returned to the Royal Air Force.
Running night supply flights from [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] to [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], they took seven hours to reach the island, often landing during air
attacks.
They used large quantities of fuel for a small payload and were replaced in August 1942 by the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien],
with the 14 surviving examples being returned to the Royal Air Force.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
The long-range Coastal Command Mk VII variants were among the last to see front line service, with the first kill attributed to them being the sinking of the German [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], on 17 July 1942 in combination with a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] heavy bomber.
Having evaluated the Whitley in 1942, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] operated a number of modified ex-RAF Mk VIIs from 1944–46
to train aircrew in Merlin engine management and fuel transfer procedures.
Having evaluated the Whitley in 1942, the [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] operated a number of modified ex-RAF Mk VIIs from 1944–46
to train aircrew in Merlin engine management and fuel transfer procedures.
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
Variants
Following the two prototypes ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and K4587), at the outbreak of the war the RAF had 207 Whitleys in service ranging from Mk I to Mk IV types, with improved versions following:
Mk I
Powered by 795 hp (593 kW) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] IX air-cooled [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 34 built
Mk II
Powered by 920 hp (690 kW) two-stage [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Tiger VIII engines: 46 built
Following the two prototypes ([Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and K4587), at the outbreak of the war the RAF had 207 Whitleys in service ranging from Mk I to Mk IV types, with improved versions following:
Mk I
Powered by 795 hp (593 kW) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] IX air-cooled [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]: 34 built
Mk II
Powered by 920 hp (690 kW) two-stage [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] Tiger VIII engines: 46 built
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
Mk III
Powered by Tiger VIII engines, retractable "dustbin" ventral turret fitted aft of the wing root armed with two .303
in (7.7 mm) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], hydraulically operated bomb bay doors and ability to carry larger bombs: 80 built
Mk IV
Powered by 1,030 hp (770 kW) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] IV [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] liquid-cooled engines, increased fuel capacity, extended bomb-aimer's transparency, produced from 1938: 33 built
Mk IVA
Powered by 1,145 hp (854 kW) Merlin X engines: 7 built
Powered by Tiger VIII engines, retractable "dustbin" ventral turret fitted aft of the wing root armed with two .303
in (7.7 mm) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], hydraulically operated bomb bay doors and ability to carry larger bombs: 80 built
Mk IV
Powered by 1,030 hp (770 kW) [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] IV [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] liquid-cooled engines, increased fuel capacity, extended bomb-aimer's transparency, produced from 1938: 33 built
Mk IVA
Powered by 1,145 hp (854 kW) Merlin X engines: 7 built
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Re: Armstrong-Whitworth A.W. 38 Whitley
Mk V
The main wartime production version based on the Mk IV, modified [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], leading edge de-icing, manually operated tail and retractable ventral turrets replaced with a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] powered turret equipped with four .303 in (7.7 mm) Browining machine guns, tail fuselage extended by 15 in (381 mm) to improve the field of fire.
First flew in December 1938, production ceased in June 1943: 1,466 built
Mk VI
Proposed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]- or Merlin XX-powered version: none built
Mk VII
Designed for service with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and carried a sixth crew member, capable of longer-range flights (2,300 mi/3,700 km compared to the early version's 1,250 mi/2,011 km) having additional fuel tanks fitted in the bomb bay and fuselage, equipped with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for anti-shipping patrols with an additional four 'stickleback' dorsal radar masts and other antennae: 146 built
The main wartime production version based on the Mk IV, modified [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien], leading edge de-icing, manually operated tail and retractable ventral turrets replaced with a [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] powered turret equipped with four .303 in (7.7 mm) Browining machine guns, tail fuselage extended by 15 in (381 mm) to improve the field of fire.
First flew in December 1938, production ceased in June 1943: 1,466 built
Mk VI
Proposed [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien]- or Merlin XX-powered version: none built
Mk VII
Designed for service with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] and carried a sixth crew member, capable of longer-range flights (2,300 mi/3,700 km compared to the early version's 1,250 mi/2,011 km) having additional fuel tanks fitted in the bomb bay and fuselage, equipped with [Vous devez être inscrit et connecté pour voir ce lien] for anti-shipping patrols with an additional four 'stickleback' dorsal radar masts and other antennae: 146 built
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